200 events

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One press draws real events from more than 4,000 years of history, each with its date, its place and one line on what happened.

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Start of the Mexican RevolutionNovember 20, 1910, in Mexico. Francisco Madero called for a rising against the long rule of Porfirio Díaz.
Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandJune 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia. The heir to Austria-Hungary was shot, and within weeks Europe was at war.
October RevolutionNovember 1917 in Petrograd, Russia. Lenin's Bolsheviks seized power. By Russia's old calendar it was October.
Battle of PlasseyJune 23, 1757, at Plassey, Bengal. Robert Clive's East India Company force beat the Nawab of Bengal.
Building of the Great Pyramid of Giza26th century BC at Giza, Egypt. Khufu's tomb was the world's tallest structure for over 3,000 years.

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Ancient (before 500) 28

Assassination of Julius Caesar March 15, 44 BC, in Rome. Senators killed the dictator at a meeting on the Ides of March.
Battle of Actium September 2, 31 BC, off Actium, Greece. Octavian's fleet beat Mark Antony and Cleopatra at sea.
Battle of Gaugamela 331 BC at Gaugamela, northern Iraq. Alexander the Great beat Darius III, and the Persian Empire fell to him.
Battle of Kadesh 1274 BC at Kadesh, Syria. Egypt under Ramesses II fought the Hittites in a huge chariot battle.
Battle of Marathon 490 BC at Marathon, Greece. Athenians and Plataeans beat a larger Persian force on the plain of Marathon.
Battle of Red Cliffs AD 208 on the Yangtze River, China. The allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei beat Cao Cao's larger fleet.
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest September AD 9 in Germany. Germanic tribes led by Arminius ambushed and destroyed three Roman legions.
Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC at Thermopylae, Greece. King Leonidas of Sparta and a small Greek force held a pass against Persia.
Battle of Zama 202 BC near Zama, Tunisia. Scipio Africanus beat Hannibal and ended the Second Punic War.

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Ancient (before 500), continued

Building of the Great Pyramid of Giza 26th century BC at Giza, Egypt. Khufu's tomb was the world's tallest structure for over 3,000 years.
Caesar crosses the Rubicon January 49 BC at the Rubicon river, Italy. Julius Caesar led a legion across it and started a civil war.
Code of Hammurabi About 1750 BC in Babylon, Mesopotamia. King Hammurabi had his laws carved on a stone taller than a person.
Death of Alexander the Great June 323 BC in Babylon, Mesopotamia. Alexander died at 32, and his generals went on to split his empire.
Dedication of Constantinople May 11, AD 330, in what is now Istanbul. Constantine dedicated his new capital, Constantinople.
Destruction of Carthage 146 BC in Carthage, Tunisia. Rome ended the Third Punic War by taking and destroying its old rival city.
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius AD 79 near Naples, Italy. Ash and rock buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Fall of Babylon to Cyrus the Great October 539 BC in Babylon, Mesopotamia. Cyrus the Great's Persian army took the city and ended its empire.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire September 4, AD 476, in Ravenna, Italy. Odoacer deposed the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus.
First ancient Olympic Games 776 BC at Olympia, Greece. By tradition the first Olympic Games were held here in honor of Zeus.
First Council of Nicaea AD 325 in Nicaea, now Iznik, Turkey. Bishops called by Constantine wrote the first Nicene Creed.
Founding of Rome 753 BC in Rome, Italy. By tradition Romulus founded the city, and Romans kept April 21 as its birthday.
Great Fire of Rome July AD 64 in Rome. Fire burned through the city for days while Nero was emperor.
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps 218 BC in the Alps. The Carthaginian general led an army with war elephants over the mountains into Italy.
Kalinga War About 260 BC in Kalinga, eastern India. Emperor Ashoka won, and the bloodshed turned him toward Buddhism.
Opening of the Colosseum AD 80 in Rome. Emperor Titus opened the new amphitheater with games that ran for about 100 days.
Sack of Rome by the Visigoths August 24, AD 410, in Rome. Alaric's Visigoths took a city no foreign enemy had entered in almost 800 years.
Trial of Socrates 399 BC in Athens, Greece. An Athenian jury found the philosopher guilty of impiety and corrupting the young.
Unification of China under Qin 221 BC in China. The state of Qin conquered its last rival, and its king became the First Emperor.

Medieval (500 to 1499) 31

Battle of Agincourt October 25, 1415, at Agincourt, France. Henry V's English army and its longbowmen beat a larger French force.
Battle of Bosworth Field August 22, 1485, in central England. Henry Tudor beat Richard III, the last English king to die in battle.
Battle of Hastings October 14, 1066, near Hastings, England. William of Normandy beat King Harold II and later took the crown.
Battle of Tours October 10, 732, near Tours, France. Franks under Charles Martel beat an Umayyad army from Spain.
Black Death reaches Europe October 1347 in Messina, Sicily. Ships from the Black Sea brought the plague that spread across Europe.
Columbus reaches the Americas October 12, 1492, in the Bahamas. Columbus's three Spanish ships reached land after crossing the Atlantic.
Coronation of Charlemagne December 25, 800, in Rome. Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king as emperor in Old St. Peter's Basilica.
Council of Clermont November 1095 in Clermont, France. Pope Urban II's call for Christians to march east began the First Crusade.
Dedication of Hagia Sophia December 27, 537, in Constantinople. Emperor Justinian opened his domed church, built in under six years.
Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope 1488 off southern Africa. Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal was the first European to sail round the tip of Africa.
Domesday Book survey 1086 in England. William the Conqueror's officials recorded who held the land across most of England.
East-West Schism July 16, 1054, in Constantinople. Envoys of the pope excommunicated the patriarch, and the churches split.
Fall of Constantinople May 29, 1453, in Constantinople. Ottoman forces under Mehmed II took the city, ending the Byzantine Empire.
Fall of Granada January 2, 1492, in Granada, Spain. Iberia's last Muslim-ruled state surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella.
Founding of Baghdad 762 in Baghdad, Iraq. Caliph al-Mansur founded a round walled city as the new Abbasid capital.
Founding of Tenochtitlan 1325 by tradition, on Lake Texcoco, Mexico. The Mexica island city, later the Aztec capital, now Mexico City.
Genghis Khan proclaimed ruler of the Mongols 1206 in Mongolia. An assembly of the steppe tribes gave Temujin the title Genghis Khan.
The Hijra 622 in Arabia. Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Medina, the start of the Islamic calendar.
Joan of Arc lifts the siege of Orléans May 1429 in Orléans, France. The English gave up their siege days after Joan of Arc reached the city.
Korean alphabet Hangul is published 1446 in Korea. King Sejong the Great published Hangul so that ordinary people could learn to read and write.
Leif Erikson reaches North America About 1000 in Vinland, North America. The Norse explorer is thought to be the first European to land there.
Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca 1324 from Mali to Mecca. Mali's ruler crossed the Sahara with so much gold that his journey became famous.
Mongol siege of Baghdad February 1258 in Baghdad, Iraq. Mongol forces under Hulegu took and sacked the Abbasid capital.
Printing of the Diamond Sutra May 11, 868, in China. A woodblock scroll was printed that is now the oldest dated printed book known.
Printing of the Gutenberg Bible About 1455 in Mainz, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg finished Europe's first major book made with movable type.
Saladin takes Jerusalem October 2, 1187, in Jerusalem. The city surrendered to Saladin, ending 88 years of crusader rule.
Sealing of Magna Carta June 15, 1215, at Runnymede, England. King John agreed to a charter that put the king under the law.
Second Mongol invasion of Japan 1281 off Kyushu, Japan. A typhoon wrecked Kublai Khan's fleet. Japan called the storm kamikaze, divine wind.
Vasco da Gama reaches India May 20, 1498, at Calicut, India. The Portuguese fleet arrived, opening a sea route from Europe round Africa.
Viking raid on Lindisfarne June 8, 793, on Lindisfarne, England. The raid on its monastery is often seen as the start of the Viking Age.
Zheng He's first treasure voyage 1405 from China. Admiral Zheng He led a huge Ming fleet to the Indian Ocean, the first of his seven voyages.

1500 to 1799 36

Battle of Lepanto October 7, 1571, off western Greece. The Holy League's fleet beat the Ottoman navy in a huge galley battle.
Battle of Plassey June 23, 1757, at Plassey, Bengal. Robert Clive's East India Company force beat the Nawab of Bengal.
Battle of Sekigahara October 21, 1600, at Sekigahara, Japan. Tokugawa Ieyasu won the battle that led to the Tokugawa shogunate.
Battle of Tondibi March 13, 1591, near Gao, Mali. A Moroccan army with firearms beat the far larger army of the Songhai Empire.
Battle of Vienna September 12, 1683, at Vienna. King John III Sobieski of Poland led the army that broke the Ottoman siege.
Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773, in Boston. Colonists dumped over 300 chests of tea in the harbor to protest a British law.
Capture of Atahualpa November 16, 1532, in Cajamarca, Peru. Francisco Pizarro's small Spanish force seized the Inca ruler.
Cook lands at Botany Bay April 1770 at Botany Bay, Australia. James Cook and the crew of the Endeavour first landed on the continent.
Copernicus publishes his Sun-centered model 1543 in Nuremberg, Germany. His book put the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the planets.
Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588 in the English Channel. England's navy and bad weather wrecked Spain's invasion fleet.
Discovery of the Rosetta Stone July 1799 near Rosetta, Egypt. French soldiers found the carved slab that became the key to hieroglyphs.
English Bill of Rights December 16, 1689, in London. The act limited the power of the crown and set out rights of Parliament.
Execution of Charles I January 30, 1649, in London. After losing the English Civil War, the king was tried and put to death.
Fall of Tenochtitlan August 13, 1521, in Tenochtitlan, Mexico. Hernán Cortés and local allies took the Aztec capital by siege.
First Battle of Panipat April 21, 1526, at Panipat, India. Babur beat the sultan of Delhi, and the Mughal Empire began.
First crewed hot-air balloon flight November 21, 1783, in Paris. Two men flew free over the city in a balloon built by the Montgolfier brothers.
First Fleet lands at Sydney Cove January 26, 1788, at Sydney Cove, Australia. Eleven British ships founded a penal colony there.
First voyage around the world is completed September 6, 1522, in southern Spain. The Victoria, the one ship left of Magellan's fleet, made it home.
Founding of Jamestown May 1607 in Virginia. English settlers founded the first lasting English colony in the Americas.
Founding of Saint Petersburg May 27, 1703, on the Neva River, Russia. Tsar Peter the Great founded the city that became Russia's capital.
Galileo finds the moons of Jupiter January 1610 in Padua, Italy. Galileo turned his telescope on Jupiter and found moons circling it.
Great Fire of London September 2, 1666, in London. A fire that began in a Pudding Lane bakery burned the old city for four days.
Gunpowder Plot November 5, 1605, in London. Guy Fawkes was caught guarding gunpowder under the House of Lords.
Jenner's first smallpox vaccination May 14, 1796, in western England. Edward Jenner used cowpox to protect young James Phipps from smallpox.
Lisbon earthquake November 1, 1755, in Lisbon, Portugal. An earthquake, a tsunami and fires destroyed most of the city.
Luther's Ninety-five Theses October 31, 1517, in Wittenberg, Germany. Martin Luther's protest over indulgences set off the Reformation.
Mutiny on the Bounty April 28, 1789, in the South Pacific. Fletcher Christian and other crewmen took the ship from Captain Bligh.
Newton publishes the Principia July 1687 in London. Isaac Newton's book set out the laws of motion and of universal gravitation.
Peace of Westphalia October 1648 in Münster and Osnabrück, Germany. A set of treaties brought the Thirty Years' War to an end.
Salem witch trials 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. More than 200 people were accused of witchcraft, and 19 were hanged.
Signing of the United States Constitution September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia. Convention delegates signed the new plan of government.
Start of the Gregorian calendar October 1582 in Catholic Europe. Ten days were dropped to fix the calendar, so October 15 followed October 4.
Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789, in Paris. A crowd took the royal fortress and prison early in the French Revolution.
United States Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia. The Second Continental Congress adopted the text that broke with Britain.
Unveiling of Michelangelo's David September 8, 1504, in Florence, Italy. The 17-foot marble statue went on show in the city's main square.
Voyage of the Mayflower 1620 from Plymouth, England, to Massachusetts. The ship carried the settlers now known as the Pilgrims.

1800 to 1899 42

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln April 14, 1865, in Washington, D.C. The president was shot at Ford's Theatre and died the next morning.
Battle of Adwa March 1, 1896, at Adwa, Ethiopia. Emperor Menelik II's army beat Italian invaders and kept the country free.
Battle of Isandlwana January 22, 1879, at Isandlwana, South Africa. A Zulu army overran a British camp in the Anglo-Zulu War.
Battle of the Little Bighorn June 25, 1876, in Montana. Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors beat Custer's 7th Cavalry.
Battle of Trafalgar October 21, 1805, off Cape Trafalgar, Spain. Nelson's British fleet beat the French and Spanish navies.
Battle of Waterloo June 18, 1815, at Waterloo, Belgium. Armies under Wellington and Blücher ended Napoleon's rule for good.
Benz patents the motor car January 29, 1886, in Germany. Carl Benz applied for a patent on his three-wheeled car with a gasoline engine.
Britain bans the slave trade March 25, 1807, in London. An act of Parliament outlawed slave trading across the British Empire.
Canadian Confederation July 1, 1867, in Canada. Three British colonies joined as the Dominion of Canada, made up of four provinces.
Cry of Dolores September 16, 1810, in Dolores, Mexico. Father Miguel Hidalgo rang the church bell and called for revolt.
Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species November 24, 1859, in London. Charles Darwin's book laid out how natural selection drives evolution.
Dedication of the Statue of Liberty October 28, 1886, in New York Harbor. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France, was dedicated.
Emancipation of the Russian serfs March 3, 1861, in Russia. Tsar Alexander II signed the order that freed more than 23 million serfs.
Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863, in Washington, D.C. Lincoln's order declared enslaved people in the Confederate states free.
Eruption of Krakatoa August 27, 1883, in Indonesia. The blasts were heard 3,000 miles away, and tsunamis killed tens of thousands.
Eruption of Mount Tambora April 1815 on Sumbawa, Indonesia. The most powerful eruption on record led to 1816's Year Without a Summer.
First modern Olympic Games April 6, 1896, in Athens, Greece. The first modern Games opened in the Panathenaic Stadium.
First postage stamp goes on sale May 1, 1840, in Great Britain. The Penny Black went on sale, the first adhesive postage stamp in the world.
First telephone call March 10, 1876, in Boston. Alexander Graham Bell spoke to his assistant: "Mr. Watson, come here."
Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Lincoln spoke for about two minutes at a soldiers' cemetery.
Gold found at Sutter's Mill January 24, 1848, in Coloma, California. James Marshall's find set off the California gold rush.
Golden spike joins the first transcontinental railroad May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah. A last spike joined the rails from east and west across the US.
Haitian independence January 1, 1804, in Gonaïves, Haiti. Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared the former French colony free.
Independence of Brazil September 7, 1822, in São Paulo, Brazil. By the Ipiranga stream, Prince Pedro declared Brazil independent.
Louisiana Purchase April 30, 1803, in Paris. The United States agreed to buy France's claim to Louisiana for $15 million.
Lumière brothers' first paid film show December 28, 1895, in Paris. An audience paid to watch ten short films at the Grand Café.
Meiji Restoration January 3, 1868, in Kyoto, Japan. Rule returned to the emperor after more than 250 years of Tokugawa shoguns.
Morse sends the first long-distance telegram May 24, 1844, from Washington to Baltimore. Samuel Morse tapped out the message "What hath God wrought".
New Zealand women win the vote September 19, 1893, in New Zealand. It became the first country where women could vote in national elections.
Opening of the Berlin Conference November 15, 1884, in Berlin, Germany. European powers met to set rules for claiming land in Africa.
Opening of the Eiffel Tower March 31, 1889, in Paris. Gustave Eiffel's iron tower opened as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair.
Opening of the Great Exhibition May 1, 1851, in Hyde Park, London. The first world's fair opened in the iron and glass Crystal Palace.
Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway September 27, 1825, in County Durham, England. The first public railway with steam locomotives opened.
Opening of the Suez Canal November 17, 1869, in Egypt. The canal linked the Mediterranean and the Red Sea after ten years of digging.
Pasteur's first rabies vaccination July 6, 1885, in Paris. Louis Pasteur's new rabies vaccine was given to nine-year-old Joseph Meister.
Perry's ships arrive in Japan July 8, 1853, in Edo Bay, Japan. US Commodore Matthew Perry arrived to press Japan to open up to trade.
Proclamation of the German Empire January 18, 1871, at Versailles, France. Prussia's king was proclaimed German emperor in the Hall of Mirrors.
Röntgen discovers X-rays November 8, 1895, in Würzburg, Germany. Wilhelm Röntgen found a new ray that could pass through the body.
Seneca Falls Convention July 19, 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York. The first convention for women's rights opened for two days of talks.
Start of the Indian Rebellion May 10, 1857, in Meerut, India. Indian soldiers of the East India Company's army mutinied, and revolt spread.
Treaty of Nanking August 29, 1842, in Nanjing, China. It ended the First Opium War and gave Hong Kong Island to Britain.
Treaty of Waitangi February 6, 1840, at Waitangi, New Zealand. Māori chiefs and the British Crown began signing the treaty.

1900 to 1945 30

Amundsen reaches the South Pole December 14, 1911, at the South Pole. Roald Amundsen's Norwegian party arrived five weeks ahead of Scott's.
Armistice ends World War I November 11, 1918, at Compiègne, France. The guns stopped at 11 a.m. under terms signed in a rail carriage.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia. The heir to Austria-Hungary was shot, and within weeks Europe was at war.
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima August 6, 1945, in Hiroshima, Japan. The first nuclear weapon used in war destroyed the city.
Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, in Hawaii. A surprise Japanese air raid on the naval base brought the US into World War II.
Christmas truce Christmas 1914 on the Western Front. Enemy soldiers stopped fighting, sang carols and met in no man's land.
D-Day landings June 6, 1944, in Normandy, France. Allied troops landed on five beaches in the largest invasion by sea ever.
Discovery of penicillin September 1928 in London. Alexander Fleming noticed that a mold had killed the bacteria in a culture dish.
Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb November 4, 1922, in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. Howard Carter's team found the first step to the tomb.
Dunkirk evacuation May and June 1940 at Dunkirk, France. Navy ships and small boats rescued more than 338,000 Allied soldiers.
Easter Rising April 24, 1916, in Dublin, Ireland. Irish republicans seized key buildings and proclaimed a republic.
First insulin treatment January 11, 1922, in Toronto, Canada. Leonard Thompson, 14, was the first person with diabetes given insulin.
First powered airplane flight December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Orville Wright's first flight lasted 12 seconds.
First radio signal across the Atlantic December 12, 1901, in Newfoundland. Guglielmo Marconi reported hearing the Morse letter S, sent from England.
First soccer World Cup July 13, 1930, in Montevideo, Uruguay. Thirteen teams played the first tournament, and the hosts won it.
Gallipoli landings April 25, 1915, at Gallipoli, Turkey. Australian and New Zealand troops landed, a date now kept as Anzac Day.
Germany invades Poland September 1, 1939, in Poland. The German attack began World War II in Europe.
Hindenburg disaster May 6, 1937, at Lakehurst, New Jersey. The German passenger airship caught fire while trying to dock.
Liberation of Auschwitz January 27, 1945, in Poland. Soviet soldiers freed the camp, and the date is now Holocaust Remembrance Day.
October Revolution November 1917 in Petrograd, Russia. Lenin's Bolsheviks seized power. By Russia's old calendar it was October.
Opening of the Panama Canal August 15, 1914, in Panama. The canal opened a shortcut for ships between the Atlantic and the Pacific.
Salt March March 12, 1930, in Gujarat, India. Mohandas Gandhi began a 24-day walk to the sea to protest the salt tax.
San Francisco earthquake April 18, 1906, in San Francisco. The earthquake and the fires after it destroyed most of the city.
Signing of the United Nations Charter June 26, 1945, in San Francisco. Fifty countries signed the charter that founded the United Nations.
Sinking of the Titanic April 15, 1912, in the North Atlantic. The liner sank on its first voyage, hours after striking an iceberg.
Start of the Mexican Revolution November 20, 1910, in Mexico. Francisco Madero called for a rising against the long rule of Porfirio Díaz.
Trinity nuclear test July 16, 1945, in the New Mexico desert. The United States Army set off the first nuclear weapon.
Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945, across Europe. The Allies accepted Germany's unconditional surrender, and the war there ended.
Wall Street Crash October 1929 in New York City. The stock market crashed over several days, and the Great Depression followed.
Wuchang Uprising October 10, 1911, in Wuchang, China. An army mutiny began the revolution that ended China's last dynasty.

1946 to today 33

Apollo 11 Moon landing July 20, 1969, in the Sea of Tranquility. The lunar module Eagle landed, and people first walked on the Moon.
Assassination of John F. Kennedy November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. The US president was shot while riding in a motorcade through the city.
Brown v. Board of Education ruling May 17, 1954, in Washington, D.C. The US Supreme Court ruled against racial segregation in public schools.
Chernobyl disaster April 26, 1986, near Pripyat, Soviet Ukraine. Reactor 4 of the nuclear plant exploded during a safety test.
COVID-19 declared a pandemic March 11, 2020, in Geneva, Switzerland. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic.
Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962 in Cuba. A 13-day standoff over Soviet missiles brought the superpowers close to nuclear war.
Cuban Revolution January 1, 1959, in Cuba. Fulgencio Batista fled the country, and Fidel Castro's rebels took power.
Dissolution of the Soviet Union December 1991 in Moscow. The Soviet president resigned, and the union of 15 republics was formally dissolved.
Fall of Saigon April 30, 1975, in Saigon, South Vietnam. North Vietnamese forces took the city, and the Vietnam War ended.
Fall of the Berlin Wall November 9, 1989, in Berlin, Germany. East Germany opened its crossings, and crowds climbed onto the wall.
First ascent of Mount Everest May 29, 1953, on Mount Everest. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay stood on the highest point on Earth.
First human heart transplant December 3, 1967, in Cape Town, South Africa. Christiaan Barnard led the operation at Groote Schuur Hospital.
First human in space April 12, 1961, from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth once in a flight of 108 minutes.
Good Friday Agreement April 10, 1998, in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The peace deal that stopped most of the Troubles' fighting.
Handover of Hong Kong July 1, 1997, in Hong Kong. At midnight, 156 years of British rule ended and the territory returned to China.
Independence of Ghana March 6, 1957, in Accra. The Gold Coast became Ghana, the first sub-Saharan colony to win independence.
Independence of India August 15, 1947, in New Delhi, India. British rule ended, and India and Pakistan became separate countries.
Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami December 26, 2004, off Sumatra, Indonesia. An undersea earthquake sent a tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
Iranian Revolution February 11, 1979, in Tehran, Iran. The monarchy of the shah fell, and Iran soon became an Islamic republic.
Launch of Sputnik 1 October 4, 1957, from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The Soviet Union put the first artificial satellite into orbit.
Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope April 24, 1990, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Space Shuttle Discovery carried the telescope into orbit.
March on Washington August 28, 1963, in Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to a huge crowd.
Paris Agreement adopted December 12, 2015, near Paris. Nearly 200 countries agreed to try to hold global warming well below 2°C.
Polio vaccine declared safe April 12, 1955, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Trial results showed that Jonas Salk's polio vaccine worked.
Proclamation of the People's Republic of China October 1, 1949, in Beijing, China. Mao Zedong announced the new state from the top of Tiananmen Gate.
Proposal for the World Wide Web March 1989 at CERN, near Geneva. A British scientist at the physics lab wrote the plan that became the Web.
Release of Nelson Mandela February 11, 1990, near Cape Town, South Africa. Nelson Mandela walked free after 27 years in prison.
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama. Her arrest on a city bus led to the Montgomery bus boycott.
September 11 attacks September 11, 2001, in the United States. Hijackers crashed four airliners, and nearly 3,000 people died.
Smallpox declared eradicated May 8, 1980, at the World Health Assembly. The World Health Organization declared the world free of smallpox.
South Africa's first election open to all races April 1994 in South Africa. People of all races voted together for the first time, and apartheid ended.
Structure of DNA is published April 25, 1953, in London. The journal Nature printed the paper that described the double helix of DNA.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 10, 1948, in Paris. The UN General Assembly adopted a list of rights that belong to everyone.

How this list was compiled: Compiled for this site. The choice of the 200 events and the lines are our own; each one was checked on 2026-09-18 against two sources that had to agree on the event and on its date. The place is the one given in the first source. The first source is the event's own English Wikipedia article (https://en.wikipedia.org/). The second is the On This Day page for the event's year (https://www.onthisday.com/events/date/ followed by the year, with bc added for years before year 1). A busy year runs over several pages there, so an event late in the year sits on a later page or on the page for its month, such as https://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1969/july for the Moon landing. On This Day has no usable entry for 14 events, mostly ancient ones, so for those the second source is the World History Encyclopedia article instead: https://www.worldhistory.org/Ashoka_the_Great/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Kadesh/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Red_Cliffs/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Black_Death/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Charles_I_of_England/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Code_of_Hammurabi/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Genghis_Khan/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Nicolaus_Copernicus/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Olympic_Games/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Shi_Huangdi/, https://www.worldhistory.org/Third_Punic_War/, https://www.worldhistory.org/hannibal/. Where the two sources gave different days, the line keeps only the month or the year. Where they gave different figures, the line uses a figure both support or leaves the figure out. Dates that rest on tradition or on estimates say so with the words by tradition or about. The smallpox entry was also read against the World Health Organization page https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-smallpox-vaccination. On 2026-09-19 three lines were changed after a second reading of the same sources: the Colosseum line now says about 100 days, the figure both sources support; the founding of Tenochtitlan now says 1325 by tradition, because its article calls the exact date unclear and On This Day calls it legend; and the Good Friday Agreement line was reworded. Events that could not be confirmed in two sources were left off the list, among them the Edict of Milan, the Battle of Talas, the start of work on the Taj Mahal and the first ARPANET message. Licence: own work

How it works

Two hundred real events sit behind this random historical event generator, from the building of the Great Pyramid to the pandemic declared in 2020, and each press draws five. Every card gives the date, the place and one line on what happened, so it doubles as a random historical date generator.

Read the full guide

From the Great Pyramid to 2020, narrowed three ways

The Era row splits the list by date, from 28 ancient events before the year 500 to 33 since 1946. Two more rows sort by kind and by region, and a draw has to match all three: Invention with 1800 to 1899 leaves seven cards, from the first postage stamp to the first telephone call. More than half of the events took place outside Europe, and every continent has one, Antarctica included.

Play it as a timeline or a quiz

Press Hide all dates, draw five and read the names aloud. The group orders them, then a tap on each card settles it. For a quiz, read the summary and ask for the year. Wars, disasters and assassinations are included, each held to one plain line.

A full date such as October 14, 1066 means both sources gave that day. Where they disagreed, the card keeps only the month or the year.
Allow one minute and count how many events a team can place in the right century.
Africa in the Region row holds 15 events, from the Great Pyramid to South Africa's 1994 election.

Questions and answers

How were the 200 events checked?

Each line was last checked on September 18, 2026 against the event's encyclopedia article and a second source, usually a day-by-day history calendar. Seven candidates failed that check and were cut, among them the first ARPANET message and the start of work on the Taj Mahal. If a date or a place looks wrong, tell us through the contact page.

Why do some cards say 'by tradition'?

Nobody recorded the day, or the record was written centuries later. The founding of Rome in 753 BC and the first Olympic Games in 776 BC are the years ancient writers settled on, so those cards say so. BC years count down toward year 1, so 490 BC comes before 480 BC, and there is no year zero.

Can I draw a bare date or year from the past instead?

Not here: every card is an event with its date attached. The random date generator draws a day, month and year from any range you set, back to the year 1. The random year generator draws a bare year from 1900 to 2026.