Estonian Last Names

Two public sources, read on 3 October 2026. One: Statistics Estonia's name statistics (https://www.stat.ee/nimed/pere/TOP), the lists of the 100 most common surnames among men and among women on 1 January 2026, which the office draws from the population register. Every spelling of the two lists is here: 105 cards. A name of Russian form that the men's list has with -ov, -ev or -in and the women's list with an added -a is one card that names both forms; 27 cards are such pairs. The office's terms of use could not be read that day, so no count is printed: a card says only in which band a name stands on each list (the 20 most common, places 21 to 50, places 51 to 100), and the Place choice uses the better of the two. Two: English Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Estonian_surnames, CC BY-SA 4.0). A card gives a word only where the surname's Estonian entry derives the name from a word and glosses it ("From ...") or where the dictionary has an Estonian entry for the common word of the same spelling ("As a word ...", with its first sense); 46 cards have one. Six names print no word although the dictionary has one of that spelling: for Aas and Kruus it has two unrelated words (a loop and a meadow; gravel and a mug), and nothing says which the name is; the senses it gives for Ots (a tip, an end) and Saks (a lord, a German) fit none of the Word choices; Kalda is an inflected form; and the surname entry of Hunt points to English. Mänd keeps pine, the sense of the first of the dictionary's two words of that spelling; the second carries a restricting label. Kukk prints rooster, the second of the two glosses the dictionary gives for the bird. Names are called of Russian form by their ending; English Wikipedia's list of most common surnames in European countries gives the commonest of them (Ivanov, Smirnov, Petrov, Kuznetsov and others) under names of Russian origin in Estonia. The sentence on the name campaign of the 1920s and 1930s on the page is from English Wikipedia's article 'Estonian name'. Kinds: 17 trees and plants, 9 animals and birds, 14 land and water, 6 trades and things, 30 of Russian form, 29 with no word. A meaning is what a dictionary gives for the word, not a record of how any family came by its name. Shared with other lists of this site: 33 of 105 names (31.4 in 100), most of them the names of Russian form, counted on 3 October 2026; cap 40. No reader of Estonian has checked the list. Licence: Names and their order: Statistics Estonia, name statistics. Meanings: English Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The grouping is our own work.