Royal Last Names

A list by a written rule, built on 2 October 2026 and rebuilt on 3 October 2026 from English Wikipedia's 'List of dynasties' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dynasties, wiki text read on 3 October). Listed: every dynasty that the article's lists by continent enter as 'House of ...' with years of rule, once each, under the name that follows 'House of' (Tudor for the House of Tudor), and two that the article links as a house under a shorter name (Burke, Crispo): 238 houses. Left out by rule: two names that run past 24 letters (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), seven entries whose years the article prints with a question mark or without a clear first year (Emea, Keawe, Mataram, Santana, Thanjavur, Tupas, Waris Ulu Jelebu), and nine that it dates by century (Garen, Klana, the Kings of the Burgundians, Olaf, Suhi, Walis Hilir, Waris Hulu, Waris Kemin, Waris Sarin). Left out as our own call: a second spelling of Luxembourg; two houses named for a religious figure; the Imperial House of Japan, whose name on a card would be the country's; two monarchies that a ruler proclaimed for himself (Sedang and Bokassa); the House of Neuhoff, which the article lists for March to November 1736 (Kingdom of Corsica); the House of Savoy-Aosta, which the article lists only for a state set up in wartime; and Dulo, whose line could not be read with certainty. The card gives the sections of the article the house stands under, named as the article names them (mostly today's countries and regions, so the Holy Roman Empire stands under Germany), each with the years the article prints for that section, the earliest first. Where the article adds the realm in a note of its own (Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Navarre, Bahrain under Portuguese rule), the card prints that note after a colon; longer notes are not printed. Where a house stands under more than three sections, the card says how many more; where the article prints more than four periods for a section, the card gives the first and the last year and says 'with breaks'. Sections with the same years and note share one entry. Ten places come from lines that name the house in other words or give its years inside a description: Iran for Sasan (the article's Sasanian dynasty, with the same years), Poland for Jagiellon (its Jagiellonian dynasty), Hungary for Habsburg, Belgium for Flanders, Dampierre and Reginar, Bohemia for Luxembourg, Portugal for Aviz-Beja, Ireland for Burke and Greece for Crispo. Four notes were read from the house's own line or from another line of the same house (Kingdom of Jerusalem for Poitiers-Lusignan, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia for Lusignan, United Monarchy for Saul, Rajahnate of Butuan for Sri Bata Shaja), one first year that the article prints in brackets is left off (Palatinate-Neumarkt in Denmark), and one last year is read from the article's note (Braganza in Brazil: the line prints 1640–1910 and its note ends the Empire of Brazil in 1889). Burgundy is one card for three houses of that name. The article says the years are the period a dynasty was in power in that realm or region, that it lists dynasties of sovereign and non-sovereign standing, national and local, that it also lists some claimants, and that houses of nobility with no territory to rule are not included. 'Still in power' marks the 38 listed houses that the article colors as extant; 14 of them it marks non-sovereign, and their cards say so. The Realm row groups the article's sections: British Isles (England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Malta), France and the Low Countries (with Monaco), Germany and Central Europe (with Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Poland, Lithuania), Italy, Spain and Portugal, Scandinavia (with Finland), elsewhere in Europe, and outside Europe. A house name is the name of a ruling family, not of any person; no ruler is named on a card. Licence: English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The selection and grouping are our own work.