Fancy Last Names

Five real last names per press with a grand ring, each with the origin its dictionary entry gives.

Fancy Last Names

  1. CromwellFrom Old English crump (“crooked, bent”) + wella (“spring”), equivalent to crump + well. Census top 5,000.
  2. RutherfordFrom Old English hryþer (“cattle”) + ford (“ford”). Census top 5,000.
  3. StanleyFrom places in England, Old English stān (“stone”) + lēah (“meadow”). Census top 1,000.
  4. CoventryMiddle English Coventre, from Old English Cofentrēo, Cofantrēo, of uncertain origin. Below the census top 5,000.
  5. MortimerA habitational surname from Mortemer in France, from Old Northern French, literally meaning “dead pond”. Below the census top 5,000.

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How it works

These fancy last names are real: 160 US surnames of Norman French, landed or particle form, each with the origin a dictionary gives. Beaumont is the beautiful mountain; Mortimer began as a place whose name meant dead pond.

Read the full guide

Aristocratic last names: the Norman group

The dropdown, Kind, keeps the 39 Norman French names, such as Neville, Seymour and Beauchamp; the 100 place and estate names, such as Cavendish, Pembroke and Wentworth; or the 21 that keep a French or Dutch particle, such as Dupont, of the bridge, and Vanderbilt.

Common or rare

Under More filters, Census band sorts the names by how common they are in the United States: Hamilton and Russell are in the top 1,000, Throckmorton and Fortescue are below the top 5,000.

Tips
  • The origin is often plain: the dictionary reads Cromwell as a crooked spring and Langley as a long clearing.
  • Double-barrelled names are not on the list: the census file writes every name as one word.

Questions and answers

What are elegant last names?

Elegant last names are a matter of taste. This list keeps to what can be checked: real surnames of Norman French, landed or particle form, such as Beaumont, Pembroke and Lafayette, each with the origin its dictionary entry gives.

Is this a fancy last name generator?

Yes. Each press deals five real names from the list at random, and the dropdown narrows the draw to one kind. Nothing is invented: every name is in the 2020 US census file of last names.

Are posh last names and classy last names the same list?

Yes. Posh last names, classy last names and sophisticated English last names are searches for one kind of name. The place and estate group answers them: Cavendish, Windsor, Buckingham and Wentworth all go back to Old English place names.

Does a fancy last name mean a noble family?

No. A dictionary records an origin for the surname in general, not for one family, and this page says nothing about anyone who carries a name.

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All 160 last names

Norman French names 39

  • Bassett From bassett, basset, from French basset. Census top 5,000.
  • Beauchamp From Middle English Bea(u)cham(p), from Old French Beauchamp, from beau (“fine, beautiful”) + champ (“field”). Census top 5,000.
  • Beaufort Borrowed from French Beaufort, from beau (“beautiful”) + fort (“fort”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Beaumont Inherited from Middle English, borrowed from Anglo-Norman, from bel (“beautiful”) + mont (“mountain”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Bellamy Of Norman origin, from Old French bel (“fair”) + ami (“friend”). Census top 5,000.
  • Boleyn A habitational surname, Middle English Boleyne, Boloyne (“Boulogne-sur-Mer”), from Old French Boloigne, from Late Latin Bolōnia, from classical Bonōnia. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Bonneville French surname, from several places in France, from bonne (“good”) + ville (“settlement”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Boswell Scottish surname, from Norman, named after Beuzeville, from Beuze + -ville ("Bosi's farm"); first element from Old Norse Bosi, from Proto-Germanic *bausuz. Census top 5,000.
  • Colville Scottish habitational surname of Norman origin, from the village of Colleville, in Normandy. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Corbet A surname from French. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Corbett From Anglo-Norman corbet (“little crow; carrion crow”), probably a nickname for someone with dark hair or complexion. Census top 5,000.
  • Courtenay From Latin Curtenus, from curtus (“short”), via Norman. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Courtney Variant of Courtenay, an aristocratic Norman surname derived from place names in Normandy, from Latin Curtenus, a personal name from curtus (“short”). Census top 5,000.
  • Delaney From a Norman baronial surname, from a place in France, Old French del aunaie (“from the alder grove”). Census top 5,000.
  • Devereux From Middle English Devereux, derived from Anglo-Norman, from d' + Evreux, meaning from Évreux, a city in Normandy. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Fitzgerald From Fitz + Gerald. Census top 1,000.
  • Fitzhugh From Fitz- + Hugh. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Fitzwilliam From Fitz- + William. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Fortescue From Anglo-Norman Fortescu, from Old Northern French Fort-Escu, from Old French fort + escut, literally “strong shield”. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Gurney English surname of Norman origin, from Gournay-en-Bray in Seine-Maritime, France. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lisle From French Lisle and Norman l'Isle. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Mainwaring English habitational surname of Norman origin, from a lost place in Normandy. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Montague A surname from Old French, variant of Montagu. Census top 5,000.
  • Montgomery From a Norman surname, from a place in Normandy (Old French for "Gomeric's hill"). Census top 1,000.
  • Mortimer A habitational surname from Mortemer in France, from Old Northern French, literally meaning “dead pond”. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Mounsey Habitational surname of Norman origin, from the village of Monceaux, in northern France. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Mowbray English habitational surname of Norman origin, from the village of Montbray, in Normandy. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Nevill A surname from Old French, a variant of Neville. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Neville A Norman baronial surname, de Neville, from place names in Normandy, Néville, from Old French Neville (“Néel's estate”) or Neuville (“new settlement”), equivalent to nuef + ville. Census top 5,000.
  • Nugent From the Norman habitational surname from any of various places in France called Nogent. Census top 5,000.
  • Pierpont From the Norman habitational surname, from any of various places in Northern France, from pierre (“stone”) + pont (“bridge”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Russell Middle English Russel, from Anglo-Norman Russel. Census top 1,000.
  • Seymour From a Norman surname from a place in Normandy, from Old French Saint-Maur, from Late Latin Sanctus Maurus (“Saint Maurus”). Census top 5,000.
  • Tracy A Norman baronial surname from places in France, derived from the Gallo-Roman given name Thracius which referred to Thrace + the Celtic suffix *-āko (place, property). Census top 5,000.
  • Turberville English habitational surname of Norman origin, from the towns of Saint-Ouen-de-Thouberville and La Trinité-de-Thouberville, in Normandy. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Vaux English, Scottish, and French name, all from placenames in France derived from Old French val (“valley”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Venables Probably derived from Latin venabulum (“hunting spear”), in the sense of "hunting ground". Below the census top 5,000.
  • Villiers A surname from French. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Warren From the Anglo-Norman surname (de) Warenne, a reference to a place called Varenne, a hamlet near Arques-la-Bataille, along the river Varenne in Normandy, from Medieval Latin Warinna. Census top 1,000.

Place and estate names 100

  • Abercrombie Of Scottish Gaelic origin, said to be from the earlier Abarcrumbach. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Addington Probably from the Old English personal names *Eadda or *Æddi + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Alderton From Old English alor (“alder”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Aldridge From Old English alor (“alder”) + wīc (“farmstead”). Census top 5,000.
  • Ashford From Old English æscet (“a clump of ash trees”) + ford or, alternatively, from æsc (“an ash tree”) + ford. Census top 5,000.
  • Astley From Old English ēast + lēah, meaning “east meadow” or “east clearing”. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Atherton From the Old English personal name Æþelhere + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”), equivalent to Æþelhere + -ton. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Attenborough From Middle English Addyngborough, with the d changed to t by dissimilation, from earlier Adinburks, Adigburc, Hadinbur, meaning “The burh of the Eādings” or possibly “the burh of Eadda”. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Audley From the Old English personal name Ealdgȳþ + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Babington From the Old English personal name Babba + the connective particle -ing- + tūn (“enclosure”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Beckwith From Old English bēċe ("beech") + Old Norse viðr (“wood”) 'Beechwood'. Census top 5,000.
  • Beresford Habitational surname from a minor place in Staffordshire, from Old English befer (“beaver”) + ford (“ford”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Berkeley From Old English beorc (“birch”) + leah (“meadow, leigh”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Bingham An English habitational surname for someone from the town in Nottinghamshire, or Melcombe Bingham in Dorset. Census top 5,000.
  • Bolingbroke From Old English *Bulan + brōc (“stream”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Brandon From Middle English Brandon, Brampdon, Bramdun, Bremedon, Bromdun, from Old English brōmdūn, from brōm (“broom shrub”) + dūn (“hill, dune”). Census top 5,000.
  • Buckingham From Old English Buccingahām, from the personal name Bucca (see bucca (“he-goat”)) + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“home”). Census top 5,000.
  • Cavendish "Cāfna's enclosure", from Old English personal name *Cāfna + edisċ (“pasture”); recorded as Kauanadisc in 1086. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Chadwick Derived from Ċeadda (“Chad”) + vík. Census top 5,000.
  • Churchill From church + hill. Census top 5,000.
  • Clifford From Old English clif (“cliff”) + ford (“ford”), a dweller at the ford by the steep bank. Census top 5,000.
  • Clinton A habitational surname, derived from places named Glinton ("town on a hill") or Glympton ("settlement on the River Glyme"), from Old English + tun (“enclosure, homestead, town”). Census top 5,000.
  • Compton From Old English Cumbtūn, equivalent to combe (“valley”) + -ton (“town”). Census top 1,000.
  • Coventry Middle English Coventre, from Old English Cofentrēo, Cofantrēo, of uncertain origin. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Covington From Old English Cofingtun, from Cofa + -ing (“belonging to”) + -tun (“settlement”); literally “Cofa’s Town”. Census top 5,000.
  • Cranston From the genitive form of Old English cran (“crane”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Cromwell From Old English crump (“crooked, bent”) + wella (“spring”), equivalent to crump + well. Census top 5,000.
  • Cumberland From Middle English Cumberland, from Old English Cumberland. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Darlington From Middle English Dearnington, Derlinton, from Old English Dēornōþingtūn, supposedly “the settlement of Dēornōþ's people”, from an unclear root + -ing + tūn. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Davenport As an English surname, from Middle English Devennport, named after the River Dane + port. Census top 1,000.
  • Devonshire From Old English Defenasċīr, equivalent to Devon + shire. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Douglas From a place name, Scottish Gaelic dubh (“black”) + glais (“stream”). Census top 1,000.
  • Dudley From Old English, literally "wood or clearing of Dudda (a personal name of unknown meaning)". Census top 1,000.
  • Durham From Old English Dūnholm, which is from dun (“hill”) + Old Norse holm (“islet, island”). Census top 1,000.
  • Egerton From the Old English personal name Ecgheard or Ecghere + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Essex Old English Ēastseaxan (“East Saxons”), which stood for both Essex and the people of Essex. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Fotheringham Habitational surname from a minor place in Scotland, near Forfar, from Old English fōdring (“grazing”) + hām (“homestead”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Grafton From Old English grāf (“grove”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Hamilton From Old English *Hameldūne, from hamel (“blunt, flat-topped”) + dūne (“hill”). Census top 1,000.
  • Hastings The placename in England is derived from the Old English tribal name Hæstingas (“Hæsta's people, the family/followers of Hæsta”), which was later transferred to their settlement. Census top 5,000.
  • Hawksworth From the Old English personal name Hōc + -s- + worþ (“enclosure”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Hereford From Middle English Hereford, from Old English Hereford, from Old English here (“army”) + ford (“ford”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Hungerford From Old English hungor (“hunger, famine”) + ford (“ford”), a name which probably denoted an unproductive or barren land. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Illingworth From the Old English personal name *Illa + -ing (“belonging to”) + worþ (“enclosure”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Kenworthy Habitational surname from a minor place in Cheshire, apparently from the Old English personal name Cēna + worþig (“estate, enclosure”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Kimberley English place name "wood or clearing of Kyneburga (a seventh century female saint)", from Old English cyne- (“royal”) + burh (“fortress”) + lēah (“leigh, clearing”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Kingsley "The king's wood or clearing", from Old English cynges, genitive of cyng (“king”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”). Census top 5,000.
  • Lancaster From Middle English Lancaster, Loncastre, the name of the Roman fort on the River Lune, from Lune + the Old English suffix ceaster (“town”), found in many placenames. Census top 5,000.
  • Langley From Old English lang (“long”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Census top 5,000.
  • Langston From Old English lang (“long, tall”) + stan (“stone”). Census top 5,000.
  • Leicester From Middle English Ledecestre, from Old English Ligoraċeaster. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lincoln Middle English Lincolne, from Old English Lincolle, Lindcolen, Lindcylene, from Latin Lindum Colōnia (“the Roman settlement Lindum Colonia”), from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”). Census top 5,000.
  • Lindsay From Lindsey in Lincolnshire, from Old English Lindesēġe, Lindesīġe (“Isle of Lind”). Census top 5,000.
  • Litchfield From Old English Lyccid, from Common Brittonic, Letocetum, a placename meaning "graywood" + feld (“field”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lockwood From Old English loc (“lock; enclosure, fold”) + wudu (“wood”); analyzable as lock + wood. Census top 5,000.
  • Lonsdale Probably from the valley of the River Lune (Lune's dale), as in Kirkby Lonsdale. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Ludlow From the Old English river name Hlūde, now the River Teme, + hlǣw (“mountain, hill, mound”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lumley Habitational surname from the villages of Great Lumley and Lumley Thicks, in County Durham, from Old English lumm (“pool”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Mansfield From Old English Mamesfeld, from a Brythonic word mamm, meaning "mother" + feld (“field”). Census top 5,000.
  • Northcott From Old English norþ (“north”) + cot (“cottage”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Ormsby Habitational surname from the village of South Ormsby in Lincolnshire, from the Old Norse personal name Ormr + býr (“village”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Oxford From Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford (“Oxford”), equivalent to ox + ford. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Pembroke Ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Penn-broɣ (“land's head, land's end”), whence Welsh Penfro. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Pendleton 'The settlement beside Pendle', from Pendle + Old English tūn (“settlement”). Census top 5,000.
  • Raleigh From Old English rā, rāha (“roe deer”) + lēah (“woodland, clearing”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Richmond From Middle English Rychemund, from a name cognate to French Richemont (“town in Normandy”). Census top 1,000.
  • Rochester From Middle English Rovescester, from Old English Hrofesċeaster (“Hrofi's fortified camp”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Rothwell From Old English *roþa, the genitive plural of *roþ (“forest clearing”) + wielle (“spring”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Rutherford From Old English hryþer (“cattle”) + ford (“ford”). Census top 5,000.
  • Sheffield From the name of the River Sheaf, which is from Old English scēaþ (“boundary”), + Old English feld (“field, open land”). Census top 5,000.
  • Sherwood From Old English scīr + wudu (“forest”). Census top 5,000.
  • Somerset From Old English Sumorsǣte, which is short for Sumortūnsǣte, meaning "the people living at or dependent upon Sumortūn (Somerton)". Below the census top 5,000.
  • Stafford From Old English stæþ (“landing place”) + ford. Census top 1,000.
  • Stanhope The British placenames are from Old English stan (“stone”) + hōp (“valley”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Stanley From places in England, Old English stān (“stone”) + lēah (“meadow”). Census top 1,000.
  • Stratford From Old English strǣt (“road”) + ford (“ford”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Sussex Old English Sūþseaxan (“South Saxons”), which stood for both Sussex and its people. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Thackeray An English habitational surname from a place in Yorkshire, of Old Norse origin, from þak (“thatch, roof”) + rá (“nook”), therefore referring to a "place with thatching". Below the census top 5,000.
  • Throckmorton Possibly from Old English þroc (“beam bridge”) + mere (“pool”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Waddington From Wadding + ton. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Walsingham From the Old English personal name Wæls + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“homestead”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Warrington From Middle English Wardintone, from an unattested Old English personal name *Wearda, from weard (“guard”), + -ing + tūn, meaning either "Wearda's estate" or "the lookout place". Below the census top 5,000.
  • Warwick From Middle English Warwyk, from Old English Wǣringwīċ (“dwelling by the weir”), from wer (“weir”) + -ing (“of the”) + wīċ (“dwelling place, village”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Wellesley From the name of the town Wells (“springs”) + lēah (“woodland”), thus 'the woodland by the springs'. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Wentworth From either the Old English byname Wintra, or Old English winter (“winter”) + worþ (“enclosure”). Census top 5,000.
  • Westbrook From the Old English words for "west brook". Census top 5,000.
  • Westcott From Old English west (“west”) + cot (“cottage; shelter”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Wetherby From Old Norse veðr (“wether (sheep)”) + býr (“farmstead”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Whitaker From Old English *Hwītæcer (“white-acre”). Census top 1,000.
  • Whitby From Old Norse hvítr býr (“white town”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Whitmore From Old English hwīt (“white”) + mōr (“moor”). Census top 5,000.
  • Willoughby From Old English weliġ (“willow”) and Old Norse byr (“settlement”). Census top 5,000.
  • Wilmington Meaning "Wilhelm's estate", from Wilhelm + Old English -ing (“belonging to”) + Old English tūn (“homestead, settlement”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Wiltshire From Middle English Wilteschire, from Old English Wiltūnsċīr (Wiltescire 1086 Domesday Book), named after the town of Wilton in the county (Old English Wiltūn). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Windsor Middle English Wyndelsore, from Old English Windlesōra (“Windsor”), from *windel (“reel, winch”) + ōra (“bank, shore”). Census top 5,000.
  • Winslow From Middle English Wynselowe, from Old English Wineshlǣw, from Wine (“Wine's”) + hlāw (“mound”). Census top 5,000.
  • Winthrop From wines (“friend's”) + þorp (“village”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Worcester Middle English Wirchestre, Wirechestre, from Old English Weogornaċeaster (“Roman fort of the Weogoran”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Worthington From the Old English personal name *Weorþ + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). Census top 5,000.
  • Yardley From Old English ġerd (“stick, rod”) + lēah (“woodland, clearing”). Below the census top 5,000.

With a French or Dutch particle 21

  • Delano Americanized form of French Delannoy, from Old French de (“from”) + Lannoy (the name of several places in France and Belgium), from l (“the”) + Latin alnētum (“alderwood”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Delisle From French Delisle and Norman de l'Isle. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Deveaux A surname from French. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Deville From French Deville, from de + ville (“town”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Dubois Borrowed from French Dubois, from du (“of the”) + bois (“wood”), referring to a dweller in or near a small wood. Census top 5,000.
  • Duchamp A surname from French. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Ducharme From French Ducharme, from du + charme. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Dumas French Dumas, meaning "from the farmstead", especially one in the south of France. Census top 5,000.
  • Dupont Borrowed from French Dupont, meaning "of the bridge". Census top 5,000.
  • Duvernay A surname from French. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Labelle From French Labelle, from la + belle. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lafayette French surname from Occitan, "the little beech tree". Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lafontaine From French Lafontaine, from la + fontaine (“fountain”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Lapointe Borrowed from French Lapointe, from la + pointe (“point”). Census top 5,000.
  • Leblanc Borrowed from French Leblanc, from le blanc (“white”). Census top 1,000.
  • Leclair Borrowed from French Leclair, from le + clair, literally “the clean”. Census top 5,000.
  • Lemieux From French Lemieux and Lémieux. Census top 5,000.
  • Vanderbilt From Dutch van der Bilt, from van + der + De Bilt, literally “from De Bilt, Netherlands”. Below the census top 5,000.
  • Vanderhoff Dutch van (“of”) + der (“the”) + hof (“court”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Vandermeer Dutch van (“of”) + der (“the”) + meer (“lake”). Below the census top 5,000.
  • Vandevelde Dutch van (“of”) + de (“the”) + velde (“field”). Below the census top 5,000.
How this list was compiled

A chosen list, by a written rule, built on 2 October 2026. A surname is listed when three things hold. One: it belongs to one of three kinds that we chose because such names are widely heard as grand: a name of Norman French form or origin (Beaumont, Fitzwilliam, Neville), the name of an English, Scottish or Welsh place, county or estate (Cavendish, Pembroke, Wentworth), or a name that keeps a French or Dutch particle in one word (Dupont, Lafayette, Vanderbilt); which names were tried is our own choice. Two: the name is in the US Census Bureau's file of last names reported 100 or more times in the 2020 Census (https://www2.census.gov/topics/genealogy/2020surnames/Names2020_LastNames_RaceHispanic.xlsx, linked from https://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2020_names.html, 156,621 names); its rank there gives the card's band and no rank or count is printed. Three: the spelling has an English surname entry on English Wiktionary that states an origin (https://en.wiktionary.org, CC BY-SA 4.0, read 2026-10-02), and the card prints the opening of that etymology or the entry's own surname line. 232 names passed all three. The site's rule is that at most 40 in 100 names of a list may also stand in its other lists, and 119 of them did, so every name no other list holds was kept and, of the rest, the best-known and then the most common; 50 were left out. A second reading the same day took out eleven more: Beausoleil and Bellerose (no particle in the name), Deveraux (only a variant of a spelling that is not listed), Vanderberg (the Dutch word in its entry does not match its spelling), Sinclair (the dictionary and English Wikipedia give different accounts of it), Fairfax (a nickname for fair hair by its entry, so it is not the name of a place), and Blanchard, Lacy, Dupree, Carlisle and Salisbury (names other lists hold whose entries say least), which left 171 names. On 2 October 2026, the day the French and the creepy last names lists of this site went live, eleven names that those lists hold were taken off for the same rule (Basset, Dubreuil, Dujardin, Dupre, Lagrange, Langlois, Laroche, Lavigne, Ashcroft, Ravenscroft, Redgrave), which leaves 160 names, 64 of them also on another list. For eight French names (Dubois, Lafontaine, Leblanc and others) the card adds what the French entry on the same page says the name is made of, and for three of those the meaning of the French word from that word's own entry. A name sits in the Norman group when its entry traces it to Norman, Anglo-Norman or Old French; a name of an English place that came into the list as Norman was moved to the place group. An origin is what a dictionary records for the surname in general, not for any one family, and nothing here says a family is noble or rich. Double-barrelled names are not listed: the census file writes every name as one word. 'Fancy' is the searched word; the page makes no claim that one name is better than another. Every card keeps the address of its entry. Licence: The census file is a work of the US federal government and in the public domain (17 U.S.C. 105). The origins draw on English Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The choice of names and the three kinds are our own work.