Show all 867 last names (857 more)
Japanese last names in a 2018 survey's top 100
More Japanese last names
Japanese last names in a 2018 survey's top 100, continued
Fukuda 福田 ふくだ. The kanji mean blessing, fortune (福) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Gotō 後藤 ごとう. The kanji mean behind (後) + wisteria (藤). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Hara 原 はら. The kanji mean meadow (原). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Harada 原田 はらだ. The kanji mean meadow (原) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Hasegawa 長谷川 はせがわ. The kanji mean long (長) + valley (谷) + river (川). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Hashimoto 橋本 はしもと. The kanji mean bridge (橋) + origin (本). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Hayashi 林 はやし. The kanji mean grove (林). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Hirano 平野 ひらの. The kanji mean flat (平) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ikeda 池田 いけだ. The kanji mean pond (池) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Imai 今井 いまい. The kanji mean now (今) + well (井). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Inoue 井上 いのうえ. The kanji mean well (井) + above (上). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Ishida 石田 いしだ. The kanji mean stone (石) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Ishii 石井 いしい. The kanji mean stone (石) + well (井). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ishikawa 石川 いしかわ. The kanji mean stone (石) + river (川). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Itō 伊藤 いとう. The kanji mean that one (伊) + wisteria (藤). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Iwasaki 岩崎 いわさき. The kanji mean rock (岩) + promontory (崎). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kaneko 金子 かねこ. The kanji mean gold (金) + child (子). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Katō 加藤 かとう. The kanji mean add (加) + wisteria (藤). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kimura 木村 きむら. The kanji mean tree (木) + village (村). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kinoshita 木下 きのした. The kanji mean tree (木) + below (下). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kobayashi 小林 こばやし. The kanji mean small (小) + grove (林). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kojima 小島 こじま. The kanji mean small (小) + island (島). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kondō 近藤 こんどう. The kanji mean near (近) + wisteria (藤). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kōno 河野 こうの. The kanji mean river (河) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Koyama 小山 こやま. The kanji mean small (小) + mountain (山). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kubo 久保 くぼ. The kanji mean long time (久) + protect (保). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Kudō 工藤 くどう. The kanji mean craft (工) + wisteria (藤). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Maeda 前田 まえだ. The kanji mean in front (前) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Maruyama 丸山 まるやま. The kanji mean round (丸) + mountain (山). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Masuda 増田 ますだ. The kanji mean increase (増) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Matsuda 松田 まつだ. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Matsui 松井 まつい. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + well (井). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Matsumoto 松本 まつもと. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + origin (本). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Matsuo 松尾 まつお. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + tail (尾). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Miura 三浦 みうら. The kanji mean three (三) + bay, inlet (浦). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Miyamoto 宮本 みやもと. The kanji mean palace (宮) + origin (本). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Miyazaki 宮崎 みやざき. The kanji mean palace (宮) + promontory (崎). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Mori 森 もり. The kanji mean forest (森). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Morita 森田 もりた. The kanji mean forest (森) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Murakami 村上 むらかみ. The kanji mean village (村) + above (上). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Murata 村田 むらた. The kanji mean village (村) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Nakagawa 中川 なかがわ. The kanji mean middle (中) + river (川). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Nakajima 中島 なかじま. The kanji mean middle (中) + island (島). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Nakamura 中村 なかむら. The kanji mean middle (中) + village (村). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Nakano 中野 なかの. The kanji mean middle (中) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Nakayama 中山 なかやま. The kanji mean middle (中) + mountain (山). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Nishimura 西村 にしむら. The kanji mean west (西) + village (村). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Noguchi 野口 のぐち. The kanji mean field (野) + mouth (口). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Nomura 野村 のむら. The kanji mean field (野) + village (村). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ogawa 小川 おがわ. The kanji mean small (小) + river (川). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Okada 岡田 おかだ. The kanji mean hill (岡) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Okamoto 岡本 おかもと. The kanji mean hill (岡) + origin (本). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ōno 大野 おおの. The kanji mean large (大) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ono 小野 おの. The kanji mean small (小) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ōta 太田 おおた. The kanji mean thick (太) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ōtsuka 大塚 おおつか. The kanji mean large (大) + mound (塚). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Saitō 斉藤 さいとう. The kanji mean alike, equal (斉) + wisteria (藤). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Saitō 斎藤 さいとう. The kanji mean purification (斎) + wisteria (藤). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Sakai 酒井 さかい. Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Sakamoto 坂本 さかもと. The kanji mean slope (坂) + origin (本). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Sakurai 桜井 さくらい. The kanji mean cherry (桜) + well (井). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Sano 佐野 さの. The kanji mean help (佐) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Sasaki 佐々木 ささき. The kanji mean help (佐) + help (佐) + tree (木). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Satō 佐藤 さとう. The kanji mean help (佐) + wisteria (藤). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Shibata 柴田 しばた. The kanji mean brush, firewood (柴) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Shimada 島田 しまだ. The kanji mean island (島) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Shimizu 清水 しみず. The kanji mean pure (清) + water (水). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Sugawara 菅原 すがわら. The kanji mean sedge (菅) + meadow (原). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Sugiyama 杉山 すぎやま. The kanji mean cedar (杉) + mountain (山). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Suzuki 鈴木 すずき. The kanji mean small bell (鈴) + tree (木). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Takada 高田 たかだ. The kanji mean tall (高) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Takagi 高木 たかぎ. The kanji mean tall (高) + tree (木). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Takahashi 高橋 たかはし. The kanji mean tall (高) + bridge (橋). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Takeda 武田 たけだ. The kanji mean warrior (武) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Takeuchi 竹内 たけうち. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + inside (内). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Tamura 田村 たむら. The kanji mean rice field (田) + village (村). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Tanaka 田中 たなか. The kanji mean rice field (田) + middle (中). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Taniguchi 谷口 たにぐち. The kanji mean valley (谷) + mouth (口). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Uchida 内田 うちだ. The kanji mean inside (内) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ueda 上田 うえだ. The kanji mean above (上) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Ueno 上野 うえの. The kanji mean above (上) + field (野). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Wada 和田 わだ. The kanji mean harmony (和) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Watanabe 渡辺 わたなべ. The kanji mean ford, cross (渡) + environs, boundary (辺). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Yamada 山田 やまだ. The kanji mean mountain (山) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Yamaguchi 山口 やまぐち. The kanji mean mountain (山) + mouth (口). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Also the name of an old clan. Yamamoto 山本 やまもと. The kanji mean mountain (山) + origin (本). Top 10 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Yamashita 山下 やました. The kanji mean mountain (山) + below (下). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Yamazaki 山崎 やまざき. The kanji mean mountain (山) + promontory (崎). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Yokoyama 横山 よこやま. The kanji mean side (横) + mountain (山). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey. Yoshida 吉田 よしだ. The kanji mean good luck (吉) + rice field (田). Top 100 in one insurer's 2018 survey.
More Japanese last names 767
Adachi 安達 あだち. The kanji mean peaceful (安) + reach (達). Also the name of an old clan. Adachi 足立 あだち. The kanji mean leg, foot (足) + stand up (立). Aida 会田 あいだ. The kanji mean meeting (会) + rice field (田). Ainoya 会野谷 あいのや. The kanji mean meeting (会) + field (野) + valley (谷). Ainoya 合野谷 あいのや. The kanji mean join (合) + field (野) + valley (谷). Akabane 赤羽 あかばね. The kanji mean red (赤) + feathers (羽). Akada 赤田 あかだ. The kanji mean red (赤) + rice field (田). Akagawa 赤川 あかがわ. The kanji mean red (赤) + river (川). Akagi 赤木 あかぎ. The kanji mean red (赤) + tree (木). Akaike 赤池 あかいけ. The kanji mean red (赤) + pond (池). Akaishi 赤石 あかいし. The kanji mean red (赤) + stone (石). Akama 赤間 あかま. The kanji mean red (赤) + interval, space (間). Akamatsu 赤松 あかまつ. The kanji mean red (赤) + pine tree (松). Also the name of an old clan. Akana 赤名 あかな. The kanji mean red (赤) + name (名). Akashi 明石 あかし. The kanji mean bright, light (明) + stone (石). Akikaze 秋風 あきかぜ. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + wind (風). Akimitsu 秋光 あきみつ. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + light (光). Akimoto 秋元 あきもと. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + beginning (元). Akimoto 秋本 あきもと. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + origin (本). Akimura 秋村 あきむら. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + village (村). Akino 明野 あきの. The kanji mean bright, light (明) + field (野). Akino 秋野 あきの. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + field (野). Akita 秋田 あきた. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + rice field (田). Also the name of an old clan. Akiya 秋谷 あきや. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + valley (谷). Akiyama 秋山 あきやま. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + mountain (山). Also the name of an old clan. Akizuki 秋月 あきづき. The kanji mean autumn (秋) + moon (月). Also the name of an old clan. Amakusa 天草 あまくさ. The kanji mean heavens, sky (天) + grass (草). Also the name of an old clan. Amami 天海 あまみ. The kanji mean heavens, sky (天) + sea (海). Amaminami 天南 あまみなみ. The kanji mean heavens, sky (天) + south (南). Amamoto 天本 あまもと. The kanji mean heavens, sky (天) + origin (本). Amano 天野 あまの. The kanji mean heavens, sky (天) + field (野). Ameno 雨野 あめの. The kanji mean rain (雨) + field (野). Andō 安東 あんどう. The kanji mean peaceful (安) + east (東). Anzai 安西 あんざい. The kanji mean peaceful (安) + west (西). Aochi 青地 あおち. The kanji mean blue (青) + ground, earth (地). Aoike 青池 あおいけ. The kanji mean blue (青) + pond (池). Aomori 青森 あおもり. The kanji mean blue (青) + forest (森). Aono 青野 あおの. The kanji mean blue (青) + field (野). Aota 青田 あおた. The kanji mean blue (青) + rice field (田). Aoyagi 青柳 あおやぎ. The kanji mean blue (青) + willow (柳). Aoyama 青山 あおやま. The kanji mean blue (青) + mountain (山). Arai 荒井 あらい. The kanji mean rough, wild (荒) + well (井). Arakawa 新川 あらかわ. The kanji mean new (新) + river (川). Arakawa 荒川 あらかわ. The kanji mean rough, wild (荒) + river (川). Aratani 新谷 あらたに. The kanji mean new (新) + valley (谷). Arima 有馬 ありま. The kanji mean have (有) + horse (馬). Asahi 朝日 あさひ. The kanji mean morning (朝) + day, sun (日). Asami 朝見 あさみ. The kanji mean morning (朝) + see (見). Asayama 朝山 あさやま. The kanji mean morning (朝) + mountain (山). Atokawa 後川 あとかわ. The kanji mean behind (後) + river (川). Ayano 文野 あやの. The kanji mean sentence, literature (文) + field (野). Baba 馬場 ばば. The kanji mean horse (馬) + place (場). Babazono 馬場園 ばばぞの. The kanji mean horse (馬) + place (場) + garden (園). Banba 番場 ばんば. The kanji mean turn (番) + place (場). Chaen 茶園 ちゃえん. The kanji mean tea (茶) + garden (園). Chatani 茶谷 ちゃたに. The kanji mean tea (茶) + valley (谷). Chihaya 千早 ちはや. The kanji mean thousand (千) + early (早). Chikaishi 近石 ちかいし. The kanji mean near (近) + stone (石). Chikaraishi 力石 ちからいし. The kanji mean power (力) + stone (石). Date 伊達 だて. The kanji mean that one (伊) + reach (達). Also the name of an old clan. Degawa 出川 でがわ. The kanji mean come out (出) + river (川). Deguchi 出口 でぐち. The kanji mean come out (出) + mouth (口). Doba 土場 どば. The kanji mean soil (土) + place (場). Dōmyō 道明 どうみょう. The kanji mean road-way, street (道) + bright, light (明). Enomoto 榎本 えのもと. The kanji mean hackberry (榎) + origin (本). Fujimori 藤森 ふじもり. The kanji mean wisteria (藤) + forest (森). Fujimura 藤村 ふじむら. The kanji mean wisteria (藤) + village (村). Fujisawa 藤沢 ふじさわ. The kanji mean wisteria (藤) + swamp (沢). Fujisawa 藤澤 ふじさわ. The kanji mean wisteria (藤) + swamp (澤). Fukuhara 福原 ふくはら. The kanji mean blessing, fortune (福) + meadow (原). Fukushima 福島 ふくしま. The kanji mean blessing, fortune (福) + island (島). Funada 船田 ふなだ. The kanji mean ship, boat (船) + rice field (田). Funaki 船木 ふなき. The kanji mean ship, boat (船) + tree (木). Funayama 船山 ふなやま. The kanji mean ship, boat (船) + mountain (山). Furuichi 古市 ふるいち. The kanji mean old (古) + market, city (市). Furukawa 古川 ふるかわ. The kanji mean old (古) + river (川). Furuki 古木 ふるき. The kanji mean old (古) + tree (木). Furuta 古田 ふるた. The kanji mean old (古) + rice field (田). Furuya 古屋 ふるや. The kanji mean old (古) + house (屋). Furuya 古谷 ふるや. The kanji mean old (古) + valley (谷). Furuyama 古山 ふるやま. The kanji mean old (古) + mountain (山). Futami 二見 ふたみ. The kanji mean two (二) + see (見). Futamura 二村 ふたむら. The kanji mean two (二) + village (村). Gōda 合田 ごうだ. The kanji mean join (合) + rice field (田). Habu 羽生 はぶ. The kanji mean feathers (羽) + life (生). Hakkaku 八角 はっかく. The kanji mean eight (八) + corner (角). Hakudo 白土 はくど. The kanji mean white (白) + soil (土). Hamada 浜田 はまだ. The kanji mean beach (浜) + rice field (田). Hamano 浜野 はまの. The kanji mean beach (浜) + field (野). Hanada 花田 はなだ. The kanji mean flower (花) + rice field (田). Hanaiwa 花岩 はないわ. The kanji mean flower (花) + rock (岩). Hanakusa 花草 はなくさ. The kanji mean flower (花) + grass (草). Hanamura 花村 はなむら. The kanji mean flower (花) + village (村). Handa 半田 はんだ. The kanji mean half (半) + rice field (田). Haneda 羽田 はねだ. The kanji mean feathers (羽) + rice field (田). Haraguchi 原口 はらぐち. The kanji mean meadow (原) + mouth (口). Haramoto 原本 はらもと. The kanji mean meadow (原) + origin (本). Harukawa 春川 はるかわ. The kanji mean springtime (春) + river (川). Haruta 春田 はるた. The kanji mean springtime (春) + rice field (田). Harutaka 春高 はるたか. The kanji mean springtime (春) + tall (高). Haruyama 春山 はるやま. The kanji mean springtime (春) + mountain (山). Hase 長谷 はせ. The kanji mean long (長) + valley (谷). Hata 畑 はた. The kanji mean farm, field (畑). Hata 秦 はた. The kanji mean Qin dynasty (秦). Also the name of an old clan. Hatakeyama 畠山 はたけやま. The kanji mean field, farm (畠) + mountain (山). Also the name of an old clan. Hatori 羽鳥 はとり. The kanji mean feathers (羽) + bird (鳥). Hatta 八田 はった. The kanji mean eight (八) + rice field (田). Hattori 服部 はっとり. The kanji mean clothing (服) + section (部). Hayakawa 早川 はやかわ. The kanji mean early (早) + river (川). Hayami 早見 はやみ. The kanji mean early (早) + see (見). Hayano 早野 はやの. The kanji mean early (早) + field (野). Hayashibara 林原 はやしばら. The kanji mean grove (林) + meadow (原). Hayashida 林田 はやしだ. The kanji mean grove (林) + rice field (田). Hayata 早田 はやた. The kanji mean early (早) + rice field (田). Hazuki 羽月 はづき. The kanji mean feathers (羽) + moon (月). Hidaka 日高 ひだか. The kanji mean day, sun (日) + tall (高). Hifumi 一二三 ひふみ. The kanji mean one (一) + two (二) + three (三). Higa 比嘉 ひが. The kanji mean compare (比) + auspicious (嘉). Higashi 東 ひがし. The kanji mean east (東). Higashimura 東村 ひがしむら. The kanji mean east (東) + village (村). Higashitani 東谷 ひがしたに. The kanji mean east (東) + valley (谷). Higashiyama 東山 ひがしやま. The kanji mean east (東) + mountain (山). Higuchi 樋口 ひぐち. The kanji mean water pipe, gutter (樋) + mouth (口). Hijikata 土方 ひじかた. The kanji mean soil (土) + direction (方). Hikita 引田 ひきた. The kanji mean pull (引) + rice field (田). Hinami 日南 ひなみ. The kanji mean day, sun (日) + south (南). Hino 日野 ひの. The kanji mean day, sun (日) + field (野). Hirata 平田 ひらた. The kanji mean flat (平) + rice field (田). Also the name of an old clan. Hirayama 平山 ひらやま. The kanji mean flat (平) + mountain (山). Hirono 広野 ひろの. The kanji mean wide (広) + field (野). Hirose 広瀬 ひろせ. The kanji mean wide (広) + rapids, shallows (瀬). Hirose 廣瀬 ひろせ. The kanji mean wide (廣) + rapids, shallows (瀬). Hirota 広田 ひろた. The kanji mean wide (広) + rice field (田). Hirota 廣田 ひろた. The kanji mean wide (廣) + rice field (田). Also the name of an old clan. Hiroyama 広山 ひろやま. The kanji mean wide (広) + mountain (山). Hitoosa 人長 ひとおさ. The kanji mean person (人) + long (長). Honda 本多 ほんだ. The kanji mean origin (本) + many (多). Also the name of an old clan. Honda 本田 ほんだ. The kanji mean origin (本) + rice field (田). Honma 本間 ほんま. The kanji mean origin (本) + interval, space (間). Also the name of an old clan. Hori 堀 ほり. The kanji mean moat (堀). Horie 堀江 ほりえ. The kanji mean moat (堀) + inlet (江). Horiuchi 堀内 ほりうち. The kanji mean moat (堀) + inside (内). Hoshida 星田 ほしだ. The kanji mean star (星) + rice field (田). Hoshihara 星原 ほしはら. The kanji mean star (星) + meadow (原). Hoshikawa 星川 ほしかわ. The kanji mean star (星) + river (川). Hoshino 星野 ほしの. The kanji mean star (星) + field (野). Hoshiyama 星山 ほしやま. The kanji mean star (星) + mountain (山). Hosoda 細田 ほそだ. The kanji mean narrow (細) + rice field (田). Hosokawa 細川 ほそかわ. The kanji mean narrow (細) + river (川). Also the name of an old clan. Hosomi 細見 ほそみ. The kanji mean narrow (細) + see (見). Hosono 細野 ほその. The kanji mean narrow (細) + field (野). Hosoya 細谷 ほそや. The kanji mean narrow (細) + valley (谷). Hosoyamada 細山田 ほそやまだ. The kanji mean narrow (細) + mountain (山) + rice field (田). Ichida 市田 いちだ. The kanji mean market, city (市) + rice field (田). Ichihara 市原 いちはら. The kanji mean market, city (市) + meadow (原). Ichikawa 市川 いちかわ. The kanji mean market, city (市) + river (川). Ichimichi 市道 いちみち. The kanji mean market, city (市) + road-way, street (道). Ichimura 市村 いちむら. The kanji mean market, city (市) + village (村). Ieda 家田 いえだ. The kanji mean house, home (家) + rice field (田). Ieiri 家入 いえいり. The kanji mean house, home (家) + enter (入). Igarashi 五十嵐 いがらし. The kanji mean five (五) + ten (十) + storm (嵐). Ihara 井原 いはら. The kanji mean well (井) + meadow (原). Ihara 伊原 いはら. The kanji mean that one (伊) + meadow (原). Iida 飯田 いいだ. The kanji mean meal, boiled rice (飯) + rice field (田). Ikegami 池上 いけがみ. The kanji mean pond (池) + above (上). Ikehara 池原 いけはら. The kanji mean pond (池) + meadow (原). Ikemizu 池水 いけみず. The kanji mean pond (池) + water (水). Ikemoto 池本 いけもと. The kanji mean pond (池) + origin (本). Ikemura 池村 いけむら. The kanji mean pond (池) + village (村). Ikeno 池野 いけの. The kanji mean pond (池) + field (野). Iketani 池谷 いけたに. The kanji mean pond (池) + valley (谷). Ikeuchi 池内 いけうち. The kanji mean pond (池) + inside (内). Ikeyama 池山 いけやま. The kanji mean pond (池) + mountain (山). Ikuta 生田 いくた. The kanji mean life (生) + rice field (田). Imada 今田 いまだ. The kanji mean now (今) + rice field (田). Imagawa 今川 いまがわ. The kanji mean now (今) + river (川). Also the name of an old clan. Imamura 今村 いまむら. The kanji mean now (今) + village (村). Imanishi 今西 いまにし. The kanji mean now (今) + west (西). Imatani 今谷 いまたに. The kanji mean now (今) + valley (谷). Inaba 稲葉 いなば. The kanji mean rice plant (稲) + leaf (葉). Inada 稲田 いなだ. The kanji mean rice plant (稲) + rice field (田). Inagaki 稲垣 いながき. The kanji mean rice plant (稲) + hedge, fence (垣). Inuyama 犬山 いぬやま. The kanji mean dog (犬) + mountain (山). Irifune 入船 いりふね. The kanji mean enter (入) + ship, boat (船). Iriki 入木 いりき. The kanji mean enter (入) + tree (木). Iriki 入来 いりき. The kanji mean enter (入) + come (来). Irikita 入来田 いりきた. The kanji mean enter (入) + come (来) + rice field (田). Ishibashi 石橋 いしばし. The kanji mean stone (石) + bridge (橋). Ishiguro 石黒 いしぐろ. The kanji mean stone (石) + black (黒). Ishihara 石原 いしはら. The kanji mean stone (石) + meadow (原). Ishimaru 石丸 いしまる. The kanji mean stone (石) + round (丸). Ishimi 石見 いしみ. The kanji mean stone (石) + see (見). Ishimori 石森 いしもり. The kanji mean stone (石) + forest (森). Ishimoto 石本 いしもと. The kanji mean stone (石) + origin (本). Ishimura 石村 いしむら. The kanji mean stone (石) + village (村). Ishino 石野 いしの. The kanji mean stone (石) + field (野). Ishitani 石谷 いしたに. The kanji mean stone (石) + valley (谷). Ishiyama 石山 いしやま. The kanji mean stone (石) + mountain (山). Ishizuka 石塚 いしづか. The kanji mean stone (石) + mound (塚). Iso 五十 いそ. The kanji mean five (五) + ten (十). Itakura 板倉 いたくら. The kanji mean plank, board (板) + warehouse, storehouse (倉). Itokazu 糸数 いとかず. The kanji mean thread (糸) + number (数). Iwahara 岩原 いわはら. The kanji mean rock (岩) + meadow (原). Iwama 岩間 いわま. The kanji mean rock (岩) + interval, space (間). Iwamoto 岩本 いわもと. The kanji mean rock (岩) + origin (本). Iwamura 岩村 いわむら. The kanji mean rock (岩) + village (村). Iwano 岩野 いわの. The kanji mean rock (岩) + field (野). Iwao 岩生 いわお. The kanji mean rock (岩) + life (生). Iwao 岩男 いわお. The kanji mean rock (岩) + male (男). Iwashita 岩下 いわした. The kanji mean rock (岩) + below (下). Iwata 岩田 いわた. The kanji mean rock (岩) + rice field (田). Iwatani 岩谷 いわたに. The kanji mean rock (岩) + valley (谷). Izumi 出水 いずみ. The kanji mean come out (出) + water (水). Izumo 出雲 いずも. The kanji mean come out (出) + cloud (雲). Kadokawa 角川 かどかわ. The kanji mean corner (角) + river (川). Kadota 角田 かどた. The kanji mean corner (角) + rice field (田). Kadota 門田 かどた. The kanji mean gate (門) + rice field (田). Kadotani 角谷 かどたに. The kanji mean corner (角) + valley (谷). Kagawa 香川 かがわ. The kanji mean incense (香) + river (川). Also the name of an old clan. Kageyama 影山 かげやま. The kanji mean shadow, silhouette (影) + mountain (山). Kai 甲斐 かい. The kanji mean armor (甲) + beautiful, patterned (斐). Kaihō 海北 かいほう. The kanji mean sea (海) + north (北). Kaimoto 貝本 かいもと. The kanji mean shellfish (貝) + origin (本). Kamei 亀井 かめい. The kanji mean tortoise, turtle (亀) + well (井). Kamimura 上村 かみむら. The kanji mean above (上) + village (村). Kamiyama 上山 かみやま. The kanji mean above (上) + mountain (山). Kanai 金井 かない. The kanji mean gold (金) + well (井). Kanamori 金森 かなもり. The kanji mean gold (金) + forest (森). Kanatani 金谷 かなたに. The kanji mean gold (金) + valley (谷). Kanayama 金山 かなやま. The kanji mean gold (金) + mountain (山). Kaneda 金田 かねだ. The kanji mean gold (金) + rice field (田). Kanemaru 金丸 かねまる. The kanji mean gold (金) + round (丸). Kanemoto 金本 かねもと. The kanji mean gold (金) + origin (本). Kasahara 笠原 かさはら. The kanji mean bamboo hat (笠) + meadow (原). Kasai 笠井 かさい. The kanji mean bamboo hat (笠) + well (井). Kasai 葛西 かさい. The kanji mean kudzu (葛) + west (西). Kataoka 片岡 かたおか. The kanji mean one-sided (片) + hill (岡). Katayama 片山 かたやま. The kanji mean one-sided (片) + mountain (山). Kawabata 川畑 かわばた. The kanji mean river (川) + farm, field (畑). Kawabata 川端 かわばた. The kanji mean river (川) + edge (端). Kawada 川田 かわだ. The kanji mean river (川) + rice field (田). Kawagashira 川頭 かわがしら. The kanji mean river (川) + head (頭). Kawaguchi 川口 かわぐち. The kanji mean river (川) + mouth (口). Kawahara 川原 かわはら. The kanji mean river (川) + meadow (原). Kawakami 川上 かわかみ. The kanji mean river (川) + above (上). Kawamoto 川本 かわもと. The kanji mean river (川) + origin (本). Kawamura 川村 かわむら. The kanji mean river (川) + village (村). Kawamura 河村 かわむら. The kanji mean river (河) + village (村). Kawanaka 川中 かわなか. The kanji mean river (川) + middle (中). Kawanishi 川西 かわにし. The kanji mean river (川) + west (西). Kawano 川野 かわの. The kanji mean river (川) + field (野). Kawashima 川島 かわしま. The kanji mean river (川) + island (島). Kawatani 川谷 かわたに. The kanji mean river (川) + valley (谷). Kazami 風見 かざみ. The kanji mean wind (風) + see (見). Kazukawa 数川 かずかわ. The kanji mean number (数) + river (川). Kazuma 数間 かずま. The kanji mean number (数) + interval, space (間). Kazuma 数馬 かずま. The kanji mean number (数) + horse (馬). Kazumi 数見 かずみ. The kanji mean number (数) + see (見). Kazumori 数森 かずもり. The kanji mean number (数) + forest (森). Kazumoto 数元 かずもと. The kanji mean number (数) + beginning (元). Kazumoto 数本 かずもと. The kanji mean number (数) + origin (本). Kazumura 数村 かずむら. The kanji mean number (数) + village (村). Kazuno 数野 かずの. The kanji mean number (数) + field (野). Kazuta 数田 かずた. The kanji mean number (数) + rice field (田). Kazuya 数家 かずや. The kanji mean number (数) + house, home (家). Kenmoku 見目 けんもく. The kanji mean see (見) + eye (目). Kibayashi 木林 きばやし. The kanji mean tree (木) + grove (林). Kida 木田 きだ. The kanji mean tree (木) + rice field (田). Kido 城戸 きど. The kanji mean castle (城) + door (戸). Kido 木戸 きど. The kanji mean tree (木) + door (戸). Kiguchi 木口 きぐち. The kanji mean tree (木) + mouth (口). Kihara 木原 きはら. The kanji mean tree (木) + meadow (原). Kiji 生地 きじ. The kanji mean life (生) + ground, earth (地). Kikuchi 菊地 きくち. The kanji mean chrysanthemum (菊) + ground, earth (地). Kikuchi 菊池 きくち. The kanji mean chrysanthemum (菊) + pond (池). Also the name of an old clan. Kimoto 木本 きもと. The kanji mean tree (木) + origin (本). Kindaichi 金田一 きんだいち. The kanji mean gold (金) + rice field (田) + one (一). Kinjō 金城 きんじょう. The kanji mean gold (金) + castle (城). Kinomura 木野村 きのむら. The kanji mean tree (木) + field (野) + village (村). Kinpara 金原 きんぱら. The kanji mean gold (金) + meadow (原). Kishimoto 岸本 きしもと. The kanji mean beach (岸) + origin (本). Kitada 北田 きただ. The kanji mean north (北) + rice field (田). Kitagata 北方 きたがた. The kanji mean north (北) + direction (方). Kitagawa 北川 きたがわ. The kanji mean north (北) + river (川). Kitahara 北原 きたはら. The kanji mean north (北) + meadow (原). Kitamura 北村 きたむら. The kanji mean north (北) + village (村). Kitana 北名 きたな. The kanji mean north (北) + name (名). Kitani 木谷 きたに. The kanji mean tree (木) + valley (谷). Kitano 北野 きたの. The kanji mean north (北) + field (野). Kitayama 北山 きたやま. The kanji mean north (北) + mountain (山). Kiuchi 木内 きうち. The kanji mean tree (木) + inside (内). Kiyama 木山 きやま. The kanji mean tree (木) + mountain (山). Kobayakawa 小早川 こばやかわ. The kanji mean small (小) + early (早) + river (川). Also the name of an old clan. Kochi 東風 こち. The kanji mean east (東) + wind (風). Kodama 児玉 こだま. The kanji mean child (児) + jewel, ball (玉). Also the name of an old clan. Kodama 小玉 こだま. The kanji mean small (小) + jewel, ball (玉). Kodera 小寺 こでら. The kanji mean small (小) + Buddhist temple (寺). Koga 古賀 こが. The kanji mean old (古) + joy (賀). Koguchi 小口 こぐち. The kanji mean small (小) + mouth (口). Kohara 古原 こはら. The kanji mean old (古) + meadow (原). Koide 小出 こいで. The kanji mean small (小) + come out (出). Koike 小池 こいけ. The kanji mean small (小) + pond (池). Koishi 小石 こいし. The kanji mean small (小) + stone (石). Koizumi 小泉 こいずみ. The kanji mean small (小) + spring, fountain (泉). Kokon 古今 ここん. The kanji mean old (古) + now (今). Kokubu 国分 こくぶ. The kanji mean country (国) + part (分). Komatsu 小松 こまつ. The kanji mean small (小) + pine tree (松). Komori 小森 こもり. The kanji mean small (小) + forest (森). Komura 小村 こむら. The kanji mean small (小) + village (村). Kōmura 高村 こうむら. The kanji mean tall (高) + village (村). Komuro 小室 こむろ. The kanji mean small (小) + room (室). Konishi 小西 こにし. The kanji mean small (小) + west (西). Konno 今野 こんの. The kanji mean now (今) + field (野). Konno 紺野 こんの. The kanji mean dark blue (紺) + field (野). Konno 金野 こんの. The kanji mean gold (金) + field (野). Konoe 近衛 このえ. The kanji mean near (近) + protection (衛). Kosaka 小坂 こさか. The kanji mean small (小) + slope (坂). Kotake 小竹 こたけ. The kanji mean small (小) + bamboo (竹). Kotani 小谷 こたに. The kanji mean small (小) + valley (谷). Kotegawa 古手川 こてがわ. The kanji mean old (古) + hand (手) + river (川). Kotegawa 小手川 こてがわ. The kanji mean small (小) + hand (手) + river (川). Kotori 小鳥 ことり. The kanji mean small (小) + bird (鳥). Kouchi 古内 こうち. The kanji mean old (古) + inside (内). Koyano 小谷野 こやの. The kanji mean small (小) + valley (谷) + field (野). Kubota 久保田 くぼた. The kanji mean long time (久) + protect (保) + rice field (田). Kumagai 熊谷 くまがい. The kanji mean bear (熊) + valley (谷). Kumoda 雲田 くもだ. The kanji mean cloud (雲) + rice field (田). Kunimoto 国本 くにもと. The kanji mean country (国) + origin (本). Kuninaka 国中 くになか. The kanji mean country (国) + middle (中). Kuri 九里 くり. The kanji mean nine (九) + village (里). Kurihara 栗原 くりはら. The kanji mean chestnut (栗) + meadow (原). Kuroda 黒田 くろだ. The kanji mean black (黒) + rice field (田). Kuroishi 黒石 くろいし. The kanji mean black (黒) + stone (石). Kuroiwa 黒岩 くろいわ. The kanji mean black (黒) + rock (岩). Kurokawa 黒川 くろかわ. The kanji mean black (黒) + river (川). Kuroki 黒木 くろき. The kanji mean black (黒) + tree (木). Kurotani 黒谷 くろたに. The kanji mean black (黒) + valley (谷). Kuroyama 黒山 くろやま. The kanji mean black (黒) + mountain (山). Kurumada 車田 くるまだ. The kanji mean car (車) + rice field (田). Kusaka 日下 くさか. The kanji mean day, sun (日) + below (下). Kusamura 草村 くさむら. The kanji mean grass (草) + village (村). Kusano 草野 くさの. The kanji mean grass (草) + field (野). Machida 町田 まちだ. The kanji mean town (町) + rice field (田). Maebayashi 前林 まえばやし. The kanji mean in front (前) + grove (林). Maehara 前原 まえはら. The kanji mean in front (前) + meadow (原). Maekawa 前川 まえかわ. The kanji mean in front (前) + river (川). Maemura 前村 まえむら. The kanji mean in front (前) + village (村). Maeno 前野 まえの. The kanji mean in front (前) + field (野). Maezato 前里 まえざと. The kanji mean in front (前) + village (里). Maezono 前園 まえぞの. The kanji mean in front (前) + garden (園). Mahara 馬原 まはら. The kanji mean horse (馬) + meadow (原). Makino 牧野 まきの. The kanji mean pasture (牧) + field (野). Also the name of an old clan. Marukawa 丸川 まるかわ. The kanji mean round (丸) + river (川). Maruki 丸木 まるき. The kanji mean round (丸) + tree (木). Maruko 丸子 まるこ. The kanji mean round (丸) + child (子). Maruko 円子 まるこ. The kanji mean circle (円) + child (子). Marumo 丸毛 まるも. The kanji mean round (丸) + fur, hair (毛). Marunaka 丸中 まるなか. The kanji mean round (丸) + middle (中). Maruta 丸田 まるた. The kanji mean round (丸) + rice field (田). Maruyama 円山 まるやま. The kanji mean circle (円) + mountain (山). Masaki 正木 まさき. The kanji mean correct (正) + tree (木). Masuda 益田 ますだ. The kanji mean benefit (益) + rice field (田). Matsubara 松原 まつばら. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + meadow (原). Matsui 松居 まつい. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + reside (居). Matsumura 松村 まつむら. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + village (村). Matsunaga 松永 まつなが. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + eternity (永). Also the name of an old clan. Matsushita 松下 まつした. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + below (下). Also the name of an old clan. Matsuura 松浦 まつうら. The kanji mean pine tree (松) + bay, inlet (浦). Also the name of an old clan. Medoki 目時 めどき. The kanji mean eye (目) + time (時). Meguro 目黒 めぐろ. The kanji mean eye (目) + black (黒). Mejiro 目白 めじろ. The kanji mean eye (目) + white (白). Meshino 食野 めしの. The kanji mean eat, food (食) + field (野). Miake 三明 みあけ. The kanji mean three (三) + bright, light (明). Michiyuki 道行 みちゆき. The kanji mean road-way, street (道) + going, journey (行). Mifune 三船 みふね. The kanji mean three (三) + ship, boat (船). Migita 右田 みぎた. The kanji mean right (右) + rice field (田). Mihara 三原 みはら. The kanji mean three (三) + meadow (原). Mikami 三上 みかみ. The kanji mean three (三) + above (上). Also the name of an old clan. Mikazuki 三日月 みかづき. The kanji mean three (三) + day, sun (日) + moon (月). Miki 三木 みき. The kanji mean three (三) + tree (木). Mikuni 三国 みくに. The kanji mean three (三) + country (国). Mimura 三村 みむら. The kanji mean three (三) + village (村). Minakata 南方 みなかた. The kanji mean south (南) + direction (方). Minami 南 みなみ. The kanji mean south (南). Also the name of an old clan. Minamida 南田 みなみだ. The kanji mean south (南) + rice field (田). Minamimoto 南元 みなみもと. The kanji mean south (南) + beginning (元). Minamimoto 南本 みなみもと. The kanji mean south (南) + origin (本). Minamimura 南村 みなみむら. The kanji mean south (南) + village (村). Minamino 南野 みなみの. The kanji mean south (南) + field (野). Minamiyama 南山 みなみやま. The kanji mean south (南) + mountain (山). Minamoto 源 みなもと. The kanji mean source (源). Also the name of an old clan. Mino 三野 みの. The kanji mean three (三) + field (野). Mita 三田 みた. The kanji mean three (三) + rice field (田). Mitani 三谷 みたに. The kanji mean three (三) + valley (谷). Mito 水戸 みと. The kanji mean water (水) + door (戸). Mitsuda 光田 みつだ. The kanji mean light (光) + rice field (田). Mitsuhara 光原 みつはら. The kanji mean light (光) + meadow (原). Mitsushō 三小 みつしょう. The kanji mean three (三) + small (小). Mitsuyama 光山 みつやま. The kanji mean light (光) + mountain (山). Miyagi 宮城 みやぎ. The kanji mean palace (宮) + castle (城). Miyake 三宅 みやけ. The kanji mean three (三) + home, house (宅). Also the name of an old clan. Mizuguchi 水口 みずぐち. The kanji mean water (水) + mouth (口). Mizukami 水上 みずかみ. The kanji mean water (水) + above (上). Mizuki 水木 みずき. The kanji mean water (水) + tree (木). Mizumoto 水元 みずもと. The kanji mean water (水) + beginning (元). Mizumoto 水本 みずもと. The kanji mean water (水) + origin (本). Mizunaka 水中 みずなか. The kanji mean water (水) + middle (中). Mizuno 水野 みずの. The kanji mean water (水) + field (野). Mizuta 水田 みずた. The kanji mean water (水) + rice field (田). Mizutani 水谷 みずたに. The kanji mean water (水) + valley (谷). Mizuuchi 水内 みずうち. The kanji mean water (水) + inside (内). Mizuyama 水山 みずやま. The kanji mean water (水) + mountain (山). Mochizuki 望月 もちづき. The kanji mean hope, full moon (望) + moon (月). Monma 門馬 もんま. The kanji mean gate (門) + horse (馬). Moriguchi 森口 もりぐち. The kanji mean forest (森) + mouth (口). Morihiro 森広 もりひろ. The kanji mean forest (森) + wide (広). Morikawa 森川 もりかわ. The kanji mean forest (森) + river (川). Morimitsu 森光 もりみつ. The kanji mean forest (森) + light (光). Morimoto 森本 もりもと. The kanji mean forest (森) + origin (本). Morinaka 森中 もりなか. The kanji mean forest (森) + middle (中). Morino 森野 もりの. The kanji mean forest (森) + field (野). Morisato 森里 もりさと. The kanji mean forest (森) + village (里). Morishita 森下 もりした. The kanji mean forest (森) + below (下). Moriuchi 森内 もりうち. The kanji mean forest (森) + inside (内). Moriya 森谷 もりや. The kanji mean forest (森) + valley (谷). Moriyama 森山 もりやま. The kanji mean forest (森) + mountain (山). Motoda 元田 もとだ. The kanji mean beginning (元) + rice field (田). Motohigashi 本東 もとひがし. The kanji mean origin (本) + east (東). Motokawa 本川 もとかわ. The kanji mean origin (本) + river (川). Motoki 元木 もとき. The kanji mean beginning (元) + tree (木). Motoki 本木 もとき. The kanji mean origin (本) + tree (木). Motomura 本村 もとむら. The kanji mean origin (本) + village (村). Motonishi 本西 もとにし. The kanji mean origin (本) + west (西). Motoyama 本山 もとやま. The kanji mean origin (本) + mountain (山). Murahara 村原 むらはら. The kanji mean village (村) + meadow (原). Murai 村井 むらい. The kanji mean village (村) + well (井). Muraki 村木 むらき. The kanji mean village (村) + tree (木). Muramatsu 村松 むらまつ. The kanji mean village (村) + pine tree (松). Muranaka 村中 むらなか. The kanji mean village (村) + middle (中). Muranishi 村西 むらにし. The kanji mean village (村) + west (西). Murayama 村山 むらやま. The kanji mean village (村) + mountain (山). Muroki 室木 むろき. The kanji mean room (室) + tree (木). Muroyama 室山 むろやま. The kanji mean room (室) + mountain (山). Murozono 室園 むろぞの. The kanji mean room (室) + garden (園). Mutō 武藤 むとう. The kanji mean warrior (武) + wisteria (藤). Nagano 長野 ながの. The kanji mean long (長) + field (野). Nagase 永瀬 ながせ. The kanji mean eternity (永) + rapids, shallows (瀬). Nagase 長瀬 ながせ. The kanji mean long (長) + rapids, shallows (瀬). Nagata 長田 ながた. The kanji mean long (長) + rice field (田). Nagato 長門 ながと. The kanji mean long (長) + gate (門). Nagatomo 長友 ながとも. The kanji mean long (長) + friend (友). Nagumo 南雲 なぐも. The kanji mean south (南) + cloud (雲). Naitō 内藤 ないとう. The kanji mean inside (内) + wisteria (藤). Nakabayashi 中林 なかばやし. The kanji mean middle (中) + grove (林). Nakahara 中原 なかはら. The kanji mean middle (中) + meadow (原). Nakai 中井 なかい. The kanji mean middle (中) + well (井). Nakako 中子 なかこ. The kanji mean middle (中) + child (子). Nakakuni 中国 なかくに. The kanji mean middle (中) + country (国). Nakamachi 中町 なかまち. The kanji mean middle (中) + town (町). Nakamichi 中道 なかみち. The kanji mean middle (中) + road-way, street (道). Nakamori 中森 なかもり. The kanji mean middle (中) + forest (森). Nakamoto 中本 なかもと. The kanji mean middle (中) + origin (本). Nakanishi 中西 なかにし. The kanji mean middle (中) + west (西). Nakao 中尾 なかお. The kanji mean middle (中) + tail (尾). Nakata 中田 なかた. The kanji mean middle (中) + rice field (田). Nakatani 中谷 なかたに. The kanji mean middle (中) + valley (谷). Nakazato 中里 なかざと. The kanji mean middle (中) + village (里). Nakazono 中園 なかぞの. The kanji mean middle (中) + garden (園). Namatame 生天目 なまため. The kanji mean life (生) + heavens, sky (天) + eye (目). Namatame 生田目 なまため. The kanji mean life (生) + rice field (田) + eye (目). Nanahara 七原 ななはら. The kanji mean seven (七) + meadow (原). Nanami 七海 ななみ. The kanji mean seven (七) + sea (海). Nanatani 七谷 ななたに. The kanji mean seven (七) + valley (谷). Nanri 南里 なんり. The kanji mean south (南) + village (里). Naota 直田 なおた. The kanji mean honesty (直) + rice field (田). Narita 成田 なりた. The kanji mean become (成) + rice field (田). Naruko 鳴子 なるこ. The kanji mean sound (鳴) + child (子). Narumi 鳴海 なるみ. The kanji mean sound (鳴) + sea (海). Naruto 鳴門 なると. The kanji mean sound (鳴) + gate (門). Natsukawa 夏川 なつかわ. The kanji mean summer (夏) + river (川). Natsume 夏目 なつめ. The kanji mean summer (夏) + eye (目). Nemoto 根本 ねもと. The kanji mean root (根) + origin (本). Nihon 日本 にほん. The kanji mean day, sun (日) + origin (本). Niimura 新村 にいむら. The kanji mean new (新) + village (村). Nishi 西 にし. The kanji mean west (西). Nishida 西田 にしだ. The kanji mean west (西) + rice field (田). Nishiguchi 西口 にしぐち. The kanji mean west (西) + mouth (口). Nishihara 西原 にしはら. The kanji mean west (西) + meadow (原). Nishikawa 西川 にしかわ. The kanji mean west (西) + river (川). Nishimori 西森 にしもり. The kanji mean west (西) + forest (森). Nishimoto 西本 にしもと. The kanji mean west (西) + origin (本). Nishino 西野 にしの. The kanji mean west (西) + field (野). Nishio 西尾 にしお. The kanji mean west (西) + tail (尾). Nishioka 西岡 にしおか. The kanji mean west (西) + hill (岡). Nishitani 西谷 にしたに. The kanji mean west (西) + valley (谷). Nishiyama 西山 にしやま. The kanji mean west (西) + mountain (山). Nitta 新田 にった. The kanji mean new (新) + rice field (田). Niya 二矢 にや. The kanji mean two (二) + arrow (矢). Noda 野田 のだ. The kanji mean field (野) + rice field (田). Nogami 野上 のがみ. The kanji mean field (野) + above (上). Nohara 野原 のはら. The kanji mean field (野) + meadow (原). Noma 野間 のま. The kanji mean field (野) + interval, space (間). Nomizu 野水 のみず. The kanji mean field (野) + water (水). Nomoto 野本 のもと. The kanji mean field (野) + origin (本). Nonaka 野中 のなか. The kanji mean field (野) + middle (中). Notsuki 野月 のつき. The kanji mean field (野) + moon (月). Nukumi 生見 ぬくみ. The kanji mean life (生) + see (見). Ōba 大場 おおば. The kanji mean large (大) + place (場). Obana 小花 おばな. The kanji mean small (小) + flower (花). Obara 小原 おばら. The kanji mean small (小) + meadow (原). Obata 小幡 おばた. The kanji mean small (小) + flag (幡). Obata 小畑 おばた. The kanji mean small (小) + farm, field (畑). Also the name of an old clan. Ōbayashi 大林 おおばやし. The kanji mean large (大) + grove (林). Ochi 越智 おち. The kanji mean cross over (越) + wisdom (智). Also the name of an old clan. Ochiai 落合 おちあい. The kanji mean fall (落) + join (合). Oda 小田 おだ. The kanji mean small (小) + rice field (田). Odaka 小高 おだか. The kanji mean small (小) + tall (高). Ogasawara 小笠原 おがさわら. The kanji mean small (小) + bamboo hat (笠) + meadow (原). Also the name of an old clan. Ogata 尾形 おがた. The kanji mean tail (尾) + shape (形). Ogata 緒方 おがた. The kanji mean cord (緒) + direction (方). Ogura 小倉 おぐら. The kanji mean small (小) + warehouse, storehouse (倉). Ōhara 大原 おおはら. The kanji mean large (大) + meadow (原). Also the name of an old clan. Ōhashi 大橋 おおはし. The kanji mean large (大) + bridge (橋). Oikawa 及川 おいかわ. The kanji mean reach out (及) + river (川). Ōima 大今 おおいま. The kanji mean large (大) + now (今). Ōishi 大石 おおいし. The kanji mean large (大) + stone (石). Oka 岡 おか. The kanji mean hill (岡). Okamura 岡村 おかむら. The kanji mean hill (岡) + village (村). Ōkawa 大川 おおかわ. The kanji mean large (大) + river (川). Okazaki 岡崎 おかざき. The kanji mean hill (岡) + promontory (崎). Ōki 大木 おおき. The kanji mean large (大) + tree (木). Ōkubo 大久保 おおくぼ. The kanji mean large (大) + long time (久) + protect (保). Okuda 奥田 おくだ. The kanji mean interior (奥) + rice field (田). Okumura 奥村 おくむら. The kanji mean interior (奥) + village (村). Ōmae 大前 おおまえ. The kanji mean large (大) + in front (前). Ōmae 黄前 おうまえ. The kanji mean yellow (黄) + in front (前). Omigawa 小見川 おみがわ. The kanji mean small (小) + see (見) + river (川). Ōmori 大森 おおもり. The kanji mean large (大) + forest (森). Ōmoto 大本 おおもと. The kanji mean large (大) + origin (本). Ōmura 大村 おおむら. The kanji mean large (大) + village (村). Ōmuro 大室 おおむろ. The kanji mean large (大) + room (室). Ōnishi 大西 おおにし. The kanji mean large (大) + west (西). Also the name of an old clan. Onodera 小野寺 おのでら. The kanji mean small (小) + field (野) + Buddhist temple (寺). Osafune 長船 おさふね. The kanji mean long (長) + ship, boat (船). Ōshima 大島 おおしま. The kanji mean large (大) + island (島). Ōshiro 大城 おおしろ. The kanji mean large (大) + castle (城). Ōshita 大下 おおした. The kanji mean large (大) + below (下). Otagiri 小田切 おたぎり. The kanji mean small (小) + rice field (田) + cut (切). Ōtaka 大高 おおたか. The kanji mean large (大) + tall (高). Ōtake 大竹 おおたけ. The kanji mean large (大) + bamboo (竹). Ōtani 大谷 おおたに. The kanji mean large (大) + valley (谷). Ōtawara 大田原 おおたわら. The kanji mean large (大) + rice field (田) + meadow (原). Ōto 大戸 おおと. The kanji mean large (大) + door (戸). Ōtomo 大友 おおとも. The kanji mean large (大) + friend (友). Also the name of an old clan. Ōtsuki 大月 おおつき. The kanji mean large (大) + moon (月). Ōtsuki 大槻 おおつき. The kanji mean large (大) + Zelkova tree (槻). Ōuchi 大内 おおうち. The kanji mean large (大) + inside (内). Also the name of an old clan. Ōue 大上 おおうえ. The kanji mean large (大) + above (上). Ōwada 大和田 おおわだ. The kanji mean large (大) + harmony (和) + rice field (田). Ōya 大矢 おおや. The kanji mean large (大) + arrow (矢). Ōyama 大山 おおやま. The kanji mean large (大) + mountain (山). Ozaki 尾崎 おざき. The kanji mean tail (尾) + promontory (崎). Ōzora 大空 おおぞら. The kanji mean large (大) + sky (空). Rakuyama 楽山 らくやま. The kanji mean music, comfort (楽) + mountain (山). Rikimaru 力丸 りきまる. The kanji mean power (力) + round (丸). Rokkaku 六角 ろっかく. The kanji mean six (六) + corner (角). Rokuda 六田 ろくだ. The kanji mean six (六) + rice field (田). Rokugawa 六川 ろくがわ. The kanji mean six (六) + river (川). Roppongi 六本木 ろっぽんぎ. The kanji mean six (六) + origin (本) + tree (木). Saionji 西園寺 さいおんじ. The kanji mean west (西) + garden (園) + Buddhist temple (寺). Sakaguchi 坂口 さかぐち. The kanji mean slope (坂) + mouth (口). Sakaguchi 阪口 さかぐち. The kanji mean heights, slope (阪) + mouth (口). Sakuma 佐久間 さくま. The kanji mean help (佐) + long time (久) + interval, space (間). Also the name of an old clan. Sannōmaru 山王丸 さんのうまる. The kanji mean mountain (山) + king (王) + round (丸). Saotome 五月女 さおとめ. The kanji mean five (五) + moon (月) + woman (女). Satomi 里見 さとみ. The kanji mean village (里) + see (見). Also the name of an old clan. Satonaka 里中 さとなか. The kanji mean village (里) + middle (中). Sawada 沢田 さわだ. The kanji mean swamp (沢) + rice field (田). Sayo 小夜 さよ. The kanji mean small (小) + night (夜). Seki 関 せき. The kanji mean barrier, gateway (関). Senda 千田 せんだ. The kanji mean thousand (千) + rice field (田). Shichino 七野 しちの. The kanji mean seven (七) + field (野). Shimada 嶋田 しまだ. The kanji mean island (嶋) + rice field (田). Shimamura 島村 しまむら. The kanji mean island (島) + village (村). Shimazu 島津 しまづ. The kanji mean island (島) + port (津). Also the name of an old clan. Shimoda 下田 しもだ. The kanji mean below (下) + rice field (田). Shimokawa 下川 しもかわ. The kanji mean below (下) + river (川). Shimomura 下村 しもむら. The kanji mean below (下) + village (村). Shimono 下野 しもの. The kanji mean below (下) + field (野). Shimoyama 下山 しもやま. The kanji mean below (下) + mountain (山). Shimozono 下園 しもぞの. The kanji mean below (下) + garden (園). Shinkai 新海 しんかい. The kanji mean new (新) + sea (海). Shinoda 篠田 しのだ. The kanji mean bamboo grass (篠) + rice field (田). Shinohara 篠原 しのはら. The kanji mean bamboo grass (篠) + meadow (原). Shinzato 新里 しんざと. The kanji mean new (新) + village (里). Shirai 白井 しらい. The kanji mean white (白) + well (井). Shiraishi 白石 しらいし. The kanji mean white (白) + stone (石). Shirakane 白金 しらかね. The kanji mean white (白) + gold (金). Shirakawa 白川 しらかわ. The kanji mean white (白) + river (川). Shiraki 白木 しらき. The kanji mean white (白) + tree (木). Shirasu 白数 しらす. The kanji mean white (白) + number (数). Shiratori 白鳥 しらとり. The kanji mean white (白) + bird (鳥). Shirayuki 白雪 しらゆき. The kanji mean white (白) + snow (雪). Shirotsuki 白月 しろつき. The kanji mean white (白) + moon (月). Shōda 正田 しょうだ. The kanji mean correct (正) + rice field (田). Sone 曽根 そね. The kanji mean formerly (曽) + root (根). Sonoda 園田 そのだ. The kanji mean garden (園) + rice field (田). Sonohara 園原 そのはら. The kanji mean garden (園) + meadow (原). Sorachi 空知 そらち. The kanji mean sky (空) + know, wisdom (知). Sudo 数土 すど. The kanji mean number (数) + soil (土). Sugane 数金 すがね. The kanji mean number (数) + gold (金). Sugimoto 杉本 すぎもと. The kanji mean cedar (杉) + origin (本). Sugita 杉田 すぎた. The kanji mean cedar (杉) + rice field (田). Sugiura 杉浦 すぎうら. The kanji mean cedar (杉) + bay, inlet (浦). Suhara 数原 すはら. The kanji mean number (数) + meadow (原). Suyama 数山 すやま. The kanji mean number (数) + mountain (山). Tabata 田畑 たばた. The kanji mean rice field (田) + farm, field (畑). Tabata 田端 たばた. The kanji mean rice field (田) + edge (端). Tachibana 橘 たちばな. The kanji mean mandarin orange (橘). Also the name of an old clan. Tachibana 立花 たちばな. The kanji mean stand up (立) + flower (花). Also the name of an old clan. Tachikawa 立川 たちかわ. The kanji mean stand up (立) + river (川). Tachiki 立木 たちき. The kanji mean stand up (立) + tree (木). Tada 多田 ただ. The kanji mean many (多) + rice field (田). Tagami 田上 たがみ. The kanji mean rice field (田) + above (上). Tagawa 田川 たがわ. The kanji mean rice field (田) + river (川). Taguchi 田口 たぐち. The kanji mean rice field (田) + mouth (口). Tahara 田原 たはら. The kanji mean rice field (田) + meadow (原). Takagai 高貝 たかがい. The kanji mean tall (高) + shellfish (貝). Takagawa 高川 たかがわ. The kanji mean tall (高) + river (川). Takaguchi 高口 たかぐち. The kanji mean tall (高) + mouth (口). Takahara 高原 たかはら. The kanji mean tall (高) + meadow (原). Takaharu 高春 たかはる. The kanji mean tall (高) + springtime (春). Takaichi 高市 たかいち. The kanji mean tall (高) + market, city (市). Takaishi 高石 たかいし. The kanji mean tall (高) + stone (石). Takami 高見 たかみ. The kanji mean tall (高) + see (見). Takamori 高森 たかもり. The kanji mean tall (高) + forest (森). Takano 高野 たかの. The kanji mean tall (高) + field (野). Also the name of an old clan. Takaya 高谷 たかや. The kanji mean tall (高) + valley (谷). Takayama 高山 たかやま. The kanji mean tall (高) + mountain (山). Takebayashi 竹林 たけばやし. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + grove (林). Takeda 竹田 たけだ. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + rice field (田). Takehara 竹原 たけはら. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + meadow (原). Takemoto 竹本 たけもと. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + origin (本). Takemura 竹村 たけむら. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + village (村). Takenaka 竹中 たけなか. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + middle (中). Also the name of an old clan. Takenouchi 竹野内 たけのうち. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + field (野) + inside (内). Takeshita 竹下 たけした. The kanji mean bamboo (竹) + below (下). Taki 多木 たき. The kanji mean many (多) + tree (木). Taki 多気 たき. The kanji mean many (多) + spirit, mind (気). Taki 多記 たき. The kanji mean many (多) + scribe, account (記). Taki 太木 たき. The kanji mean thick (太) + tree (木). Taki 太記 たき. The kanji mean thick (太) + scribe, account (記). Taki 田木 たき. The kanji mean rice field (田) + tree (木). Taki 茶木 たき. The kanji mean tea (茶) + tree (木). Tamada 玉田 たまだ. The kanji mean jewel, ball (玉) + rice field (田). Tamaki 玉城 たまき. The kanji mean jewel, ball (玉) + castle (城). Tamaki 玉木 たまき. The kanji mean jewel, ball (玉) + tree (木). Tamamura 玉村 たまむら. The kanji mean jewel, ball (玉) + village (村). Tamon 多門 たもん. The kanji mean many (多) + gate (門). Tani 谷 たに. The kanji mean valley (谷). Tanigawa 谷川 たにがわ. The kanji mean valley (谷) + river (川). Tanihara 谷原 たにはら. The kanji mean valley (谷) + meadow (原). Tanimoto 谷本 たにもと. The kanji mean valley (谷) + origin (本). Tanimura 谷村 たにむら. The kanji mean valley (谷) + village (村). Tateishi 立石 たていし. The kanji mean stand up (立) + stone (石). Tateno 立野 たての. The kanji mean stand up (立) + field (野). Tayama 田山 たやま. The kanji mean rice field (田) + mountain (山). Tenma 天馬 てんま. The kanji mean heavens, sky (天) + horse (馬). Terada 寺田 てらだ. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + rice field (田). Terakado 寺門 てらかど. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + gate (門). Teramoto 寺本 てらもと. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + origin (本). Teranishi 寺西 てらにし. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + west (西). Terashita 寺下 てらした. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + below (下). Terayama 寺山 てらやま. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + mountain (山). Terazono 寺園 てらぞの. The kanji mean Buddhist temple (寺) + garden (園). Toda 戸田 とだ. The kanji mean door (戸) + rice field (田). Also the name of an old clan. Togawa 戸川 とがわ. The kanji mean door (戸) + river (川). Toguchi 戸口 とぐち. The kanji mean door (戸) + mouth (口). Tōkai 東海 とうかい. The kanji mean east (東) + sea (海). Tōkyō 東京 とうきょう. The kanji mean east (東) + capital (京). Tōmi 遠見 とおみ. The kanji mean distant (遠) + see (見). Tomita 冨田 とみた. The kanji mean wealthy (冨) + rice field (田). Tomita 富田 とみた. The kanji mean wealth (富) + rice field (田). Tomochika 友近 ともちか. The kanji mean friend (友) + near (近). Tomoda 友田 ともだ. The kanji mean friend (友) + rice field (田). Tomonaga 朝長 ともなが. The kanji mean morning (朝) + long (長). Tōno 遠野 とおの. The kanji mean distant (遠) + field (野). Torihara 鳥原 とりはら. The kanji mean bird (鳥) + meadow (原). Torii 鳥居 とりい. The kanji mean bird (鳥) + reside (居). Toriyama 鳥山 とりやま. The kanji mean bird (鳥) + mountain (山). Tosa 十三 とさ. The kanji mean ten (十) + three (三). Totani 戸谷 とたに. The kanji mean door (戸) + valley (谷). Toyama 外山 とやま. The kanji mean outside (外) + mountain (山). Tōyama 遠山 とおやま. The kanji mean distant (遠) + mountain (山). Tsuburaya 円谷 つぶらや. The kanji mean circle (円) + valley (谷). Tsuchida 土田 つちだ. The kanji mean soil (土) + rice field (田). Tsuchiya 土屋 つちや. The kanji mean soil (土) + house (屋). Tsuchiya 土矢 つちや. The kanji mean soil (土) + arrow (矢). Tsuchiya 土谷 つちや. The kanji mean soil (土) + valley (谷). Tsuda 津田 つだ. The kanji mean port (津) + rice field (田). Tsuji 辻 つじ. The kanji mean crossroad (辻). Uchimura 内村 うちむら. The kanji mean inside (内) + village (村). Uchino 内野 うちの. The kanji mean inside (内) + field (野). Uchiyama 内山 うちやま. The kanji mean inside (内) + mountain (山). Uechi 上地 うえち. The kanji mean above (上) + ground, earth (地). Ueda 植田 うえだ. The kanji mean plant (植) + rice field (田). Uehara 上原 うえはら. The kanji mean above (上) + meadow (原). Uenishi 上西 うえにし. The kanji mean above (上) + west (西). Uesugi 上杉 うえすぎ. The kanji mean above (上) + cedar (杉). Also the name of an old clan. Ueto 上戸 うえと. The kanji mean above (上) + door (戸). Uezono 上園 うえぞの. The kanji mean above (上) + garden (園). Umino 海野 うみの. The kanji mean sea (海) + field (野). Umino 羽海野 うみの. The kanji mean feathers (羽) + sea (海) + field (野). Unabara 海原 うなばら. The kanji mean sea (海) + meadow (原). Also the name of an old clan. Usami 宇佐美 うさみ. The kanji mean eaves, roof (宇) + help (佐) + beauty (美). Ushida 牛田 うしだ. The kanji mean cow (牛) + rice field (田). Utsumi 内海 うつみ. The kanji mean inside (内) + sea (海). Wakabayashi 若林 わかばやし. The kanji mean young (若) + grove (林). Watanabe 渡部 わたなべ. The kanji mean ford, cross (渡) + section (部). Yachi 矢地 やち. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + ground, earth (地). Yachi 谷地 やち. The kanji mean valley (谷) + ground, earth (地). Yachida 谷内田 やちだ. The kanji mean valley (谷) + inside (内) + rice field (田). Yada 矢田 やだ. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + rice field (田). Yagami 八神 やがみ. The kanji mean eight (八) + gods (神). Yagi 八木 やぎ. The kanji mean eight (八) + tree (木). Yaguchi 矢口 やぐち. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + mouth (口). Yahagi 矢作 やはぎ. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + make (作). Yakumo 八雲 やくも. The kanji mean eight (八) + cloud (雲). Yama 矢間 やま. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + interval, space (間). Yamagami 山上 やまがみ. The kanji mean mountain (山) + above (上). Yamagata 山形 やまがた. The kanji mean mountain (山) + shape (形). Yamagata 山方 やまがた. The kanji mean mountain (山) + direction (方). Yamahara 山原 やまはら. The kanji mean mountain (山) + meadow (原). Yamakawa 山川 やまかわ. The kanji mean mountain (山) + river (川). Yamaki 山木 やまき. The kanji mean mountain (山) + tree (木). Yamamoto 山元 やまもと. The kanji mean mountain (山) + beginning (元). Yamamura 山村 やまむら. The kanji mean mountain (山) + village (村). Yamana 山名 やまな. The kanji mean mountain (山) + name (名). Also the name of an old clan. Yamanaka 山中 やまなか. The kanji mean mountain (山) + middle (中). Yamane 山根 やまね. The kanji mean mountain (山) + root (根). Yamanishi 山西 やまにし. The kanji mean mountain (山) + west (西). Yamano 山野 やまの. The kanji mean mountain (山) + field (野). Yamauchi 山内 やまうち. The kanji mean mountain (山) + inside (内). Yana 八名 やな. The kanji mean eight (八) + name (名). Yanagi 柳 やなぎ. The kanji mean willow (柳). Yano 矢野 やの. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + field (野). Yasogawa 八十川 やそがわ. The kanji mean eight (八) + ten (十) + river (川). Yasohachi 八十八 やそはち. The kanji mean eight (八) + ten (十) + eight (八). Yasuda 安田 やすだ. The kanji mean peaceful (安) + rice field (田). Yasui 安井 やすい. The kanji mean peaceful (安) + well (井). Yatō 矢頭 やとう. The kanji mean arrow (矢) + head (頭). Yonai 米内 よない. The kanji mean rice (米) + inside (内). Yoneda 米田 よねだ. The kanji mean rice (米) + rice field (田). Yonekawa 米川 よねかわ. The kanji mean rice (米) + river (川). Yonekura 米倉 よねくら. The kanji mean rice (米) + warehouse, storehouse (倉). Yonemura 米村 よねむら. The kanji mean rice (米) + village (村). Yoneno 米野 よねの. The kanji mean rice (米) + field (野). Yonetani 米谷 よねたに. The kanji mean rice (米) + valley (谷). Yoneyama 米山 よねやま. The kanji mean rice (米) + mountain (山). Yoshikawa 吉川 よしかわ. The kanji mean good luck (吉) + river (川). Yoshimura 吉村 よしむら. The kanji mean good luck (吉) + village (村). Yoshizawa 吉沢 よしざわ. The kanji mean good luck (吉) + swamp (沢). Yoshizawa 吉澤 よしざわ. The kanji mean good luck (吉) + swamp (澤). Yukimura 雪村 ゆきむら. The kanji mean snow (雪) + village (村). Yukino 雪野 ゆきの. The kanji mean snow (雪) + field (野). Yukue 行方 ゆくえ. The kanji mean going, journey (行) + direction (方). Yumihara 弓原 ゆみはら. The kanji mean bow (弓) + meadow (原).
How this list was compiled: A list by a written rule, built on 2 October 2026. Names: (1) the 334 family names of this site's Japanese name generator page whose reading stands as a surname reading in JMnedict (the 2018 top 100 of Meiji Yasuda Life's surname survey, 44 more names its release mentions and 190 with an English Wikipedia article); (2) 533 more written forms from English Wiktionary's category 'Japanese surnames' (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_surnames , 3,759 entries listed that day), kept when the entry is two or three kanji all taught in the first two years of Japanese elementary school (KANJIDIC grade 1 or 2), has a proper-noun sense marked as a surname with a kana reading, and that same reading is tagged as a surname reading of the same kanji in JMnedict. Each card gives one reading on record; many written names have others, and the card does not say which is heard most. Where an entry lists several surname readings the card gives the one the entry's own kanji-by-kanji table spells; for 12 names whose table spells a reading the entry lists after another (多田, 長谷, 出水, 大上, 羽田, 立木, 新谷, 角谷, 今谷, 田上, 東風, 大田原) the card gives the entry's first-listed surname reading instead. The romaji is Hepburn, made from the kana one kanji at a time, so a long vowel is marked only inside one kanji's reading (Ōno, Satō, Inoue) and a small っ doubles the next consonant (Nitta, Roppongi). What the kanji mean: for each character one or two of its English meanings in KANJIDIC. For 173 characters they are chosen by hand from the character's KANJIDIC meanings, because the first ones listed do not fit a name (本 origin, 田 rice field, 原 meadow, 阿 corner, nook); for the rest they are the first one or two listed. These are dictionary meanings of the characters, not a record of how any family came by its name. One card (Sakai 酒井) prints no meaning, because the first character's dictionary meaning is a drink, which this site does not print. Names whose kanji carry a meaning of death, blood, evil or illness were left out. Bands: 'Top 10' and 'Top 100' repeat, with credit, the bands of Meiji Yasuda Life's surname survey of 8 August 2018 (https://www.meijiyasuda.co.jp/profile/news/release/2018/pdf/20180808_01.pdf ), one insurer's policyholders and not a census; its ranks and counts are reserved by the company's site terms and are not printed, and both groups are in alphabetical order. This site is not affiliated with the company. Old clan names: a card says so when its kanji stand before 氏 (clan) and its romaji before the word 'clan' in English Wikipedia's 'Japanese clans' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_clans ), read the same day: 72 cards. Shared with the Japanese name generator page: 334 of 867 names (38.5 in 100), matched on the kanji. Licence: Mixed. Readings and the surname tag: JMnedict; kanji meanings: KANJIDIC; both © Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://www.edrdg.org/edrdg/licence.html ). Which further names are listed and their readings: English Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ ); the clan mark: English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0. The survey bands are quoted with credit from Meiji Yasuda Life, which reserves its rights in its survey (https://www.meijiyasuda.co.jp/attention/ ); no licence is granted over that part.