Last Names From Professions

Press for five real last names that come from a job, each with its language and trade.

Last Names From Professions

  1. GlazierEnglish: a glazier.
  2. IsprăvniceluRomanian: from isprăvnicel, young bailiff, clerk in the town hall.
  3. CarraroItalian: from carraro, variant of carraio (“cartwright”).
  4. KuiperDutch: from kuiper, cooper.
  5. OrganistiItalian: occupational surname for an organist, from the plural form of organista (“organist”).

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How it works

These last names from professions are surnames that began as jobs: 636 names from 15 languages, each with the trade its dictionary entry gives. Schneider is German for a tailor and Kovács is Hungarian for a smith.

Read the full guide

Last names by profession: eight kinds of trade

The dropdown under the button, Trade, keeps one kind: metal and mining (Smith, Ferrari), cloth and leather (Taylor, Webster), food and mills (Baker, Müller), building and wood (Cooper, Carpintero), land and animals (Hunter, Fisher), church, court and guard (Bishop, Knight), music, letters and healing (Piper, Clark), or trade and transport (Carter, Chapman).

Occupational last names in other languages

Under More filters, Language keeps the 172 English names, 157 Romanian, 119 Italian, 42 German, 63 Czech and Slovak, or 38 French and Spanish. Other languages holds 45 more, Dutch and Hungarian first.

Tips
  • Last names that are professions outright say “from the word”: Cooper, Thatcher, Sawyer and Judge are spelled as the job.
  • Farm work has its own list, so land and animals keeps to hunters, fishers and a few farmers.

Questions and answers

What last names come from professions?

Smith, Baker, Taylor, Carter and Mason are English examples: a smith, a baker, a tailor, a carter and a stonemason. Every card on this list names the job in the words of its dictionary entry.

Which last names mean smith?

Smith in English, Schmidt in German, Lefevre and Favre in French, Ferrari and Fabbro in Italian, Herrero in Spanish, Kovář in Czech, Kováč in Slovak and Kovács in Hungarian.

Which profession last names mean tailor?

Taylor and Tailor in English, Schneider in German, Tailleur in French, Sastre in Spanish, Szabó in Hungarian, and Krajči and Kravec in Slovak. Each of those cards gives the word for a tailor that stands behind the name.

Are these last names of professions real?

Yes. Each has a surname entry in an open dictionary, filed under surnames from occupations, and the entry or its job word says what the work was. The job belongs to the history of the name, not to anyone who carries it.

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All 636 last names

Metal and mining 55

  • Alămaru Romanian: from alămar, brazier.
  • Auraru Romanian: from aurar, goldsmith.
  • Băieșu Romanian: from băieș, miner. Also spelled Băeș, Băieș, Băieșiu.
  • Baník Slovak: from baník (“miner”).
  • Bičakčić Serbo-Croatian: from bičàkčija (“knifesmith”) + -ić.
  • Bilancieri Italian: from bilanciere, an occupational surname for a maker or seller of scales.
  • Bloomer English: from the word bloomer: an ironworker.
  • Brazier English: from the word brazier.
  • Buckle English: a maker or seller of buckles.
  • Căldărar Romanian: from căldărar, coppersmith, craftsman who works to make vessels, buckets, pails, and other things out of copper. Also spelled Căldărariu.
  • Cărbunaru Romanian: from cărbunar, coalminer, pitman. Also spelled Cărbunar, Cărbunariu.
  • Casangiu Romanian: from cazangiu, coppersmith. Also spelled Cazangiu.
  • Cloutier French: from cloutier, nailer (person who makes nails).
  • Covaciu Romanian: from covaci, blacksmith.
  • Cuțitaru Romanian: from cuțitar, cutler, knifesmith. Also spelled Cuțitar, Cuțitariu.
  • Cutler English: from the word cutler.
  • Fabbro Italian: from fabbro (“smith”).
  • Farrier English: someone who was a farrier.
  • Favre French: a smith.
  • Ferrari Italian: from Ferraro, doublet of ferraio (“smith”).
  • Ferrer Catalan: from ferrer, smith, blacksmith.
  • Găletar Romanian: from găletar, bucketmaker. Also spelled Găletariu, Gălătar.
  • Gold English: a goldsmith or a rich man.
  • Goldschmidt German: from Middle High German goltsmit. By surface analysis Gold (“gold”) + Schmidt (“smith”).
Show all 636 last names (612 more)

Metal and mining, continued

  • Goldsmith English: from the word goldsmith.
  • Haviar Slovak: from haviar (“miner”).
  • Herrera Spanish: from herrería, ironworker's shop.
  • Herrero Spanish: from herrero (“blacksmith”).
  • Klempíř Czech: from klempíř, tinsmith, plumber.
  • Kovač Serbo-Croatian: from kovač, smith.
  • Kováč Slovak: from kováč, blacksmith.
  • Kovačević Serbo-Croatian: from kòvāč (“blacksmith”) + ević (“forming diminutives and surnames”).
  • Kovács Hungarian: a smith; one of the most common surnames in Hungary.
  • Kovář Czech: from kovář (“smith”).
  • Lăcătușu Romanian: from lăcătuș, locksmith (craftsman, a worker who makes or repairs locks, keys, etc.). Also spelled Lăcătuș, Lăcătușiu.
  • Lefevre French: from le (“the”) + fèvre (“smith”), from Old French fevre, from Latin faber (“smith, craftsman”).
  • Linguraru Romanian: from lingurar, tinker. Also spelled Lingurar, Lingurariu.
  • Maniscalco Italian: occupational surname, from maniscalco (“farrier”).
  • Messerschmidt German: from Middle High German mezzersmit. By surface analysis Messer (“knife”) + Schmidt (“smith”).
  • Naylor English: occupational surname for a maker of nails.
  • Potcovaru Romanian: from potcovar, farrier.
  • Schlegel German: a smith or for a strong man.
  • Schmidt German: from German Schmidt (“smith”).
  • Silver English: a silversmith or a rich man, or for someone having silvery gray hair or living by a silvery brook.
  • Šlosarčík Czech: from šlosar (“locksmith”).
  • Slosiar Slovak: from šlosiar (“locksmith”).
  • Smit Dutch: equivalent to Smith in English.
  • Smith English: from smith or Middle English Smith (“a surname”), alternative form of Smyth, itself from smyth (“smith”).
  • Smithson English: a son of a smith.
  • Spengler German: as a word, plumber, tinsmith.
  • Tinker English: someone who mends pots and pans.
  • Zámočník Slovak: from zámočník (“locksmith”).
  • Zlătaru Romanian: from zlătar, goldsmith. Also spelled Zlătar, Zlătariu.
  • Zlatník Czech: from zlatník (“goldsmith”).
  • Zvonár Slovak: from zvonár (“bell founder”).

Cloth and leather 95

  • Barvíř Czech: from barvíř (“dyer”).
  • Blănaru Romanian: from blănar, furrier, peltmonger. Also spelled Blănariu.
  • Boiangiu Romanian: from boiangiu, dyer.
  • Button English: a maker or seller of buttons.
  • Căciularu Romanian: from căciular, hatter, capper, capmaker. Also spelled Căciulariu.
  • Card English: a carder of wool.
  • Ceaprăzaru Romanian: from ceaprazar, haberdasher.
  • Cebotaru Romanian: from ciubotar, shoemaker. Also spelled Ceobotaru, Cibotaru, Ciobotaru, Ciubotaru, Ceobotariu, Cibotar, Cibotariu, Ciobotar, Ciobotariu, Ciobutariu, Ciubotar, Ciubotariu.
  • Cheaptănaru Romanian: from pieptănar, comb maker. Also spelled Cheptănaru, Peptenaru, Peptănaru, Pieptănaru, Cheptenariu, Cheptănar, Cheptănariu, Chiaptănariu, Peptănariu.
  • Cismaru Romanian: from cizmar, shoemaker. Also spelled Cizmaru, Cismariu, Cizmariu.
  • Conciatori Italian: from conciatore (“tanner”).
  • Conduraru Romanian: from condurar, shoemaker.
  • Curelaru Romanian: from curelar, beltmaker. Also spelled Curelar, Curelariu.
  • Currier English: from the word currier: a specialist in the leather processing industry.
  • Cvek Serbo-Croatian: from cvek (“shoemaker”).
  • Dexter English: a female dyer.
  • Draper English: a draper (cloth merchant).
  • Dubălaru Romanian: from dubălar, tanner. Also spelled Dubălariu.
  • Dyer English: a dyer of cloth.
  • Feather English: as an occupational English name, from feather, used to refer to quilt makers, feather traders, etc.
  • Folladore Italian: occupational surname for a fuller, from a variant of follatore (“fuller”).
  • Frânghieru Romanian: from frânghier, ropemaker, rope-spinner.
  • Fuller English: from the word fuller.
  • Funaioli Italian: occupational surname for a ropemaker, from funaiolo (“ropemaker”).
  • Funaro Italian: from funaro, variant of funaio (“ropemaker”).
  • Funaru Romanian: from funar, ropemaker. Also spelled Funar, Funariu.
  • Funieru Romanian: from funier, ropemaker. Also spelled Funeriu.
  • Găitănaru Romanian: from găitănar, ribbonmaker. Also spelled Găitănar, Găitănariu.
  • Garbiar Slovak: from garbiar, tanner (person whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan).
  • Glover English: from the word glover.
  • Gonnella Italian: from gonnella (“skirt”), probably a metonymic occupational surname for a weaver or seller of skirts.
  • Hatmaker English: from the word hatmaker.
  • Hodder English: an occupational name for a maker of hoods, from Old English hod (“hood”).
  • Kempster English: a wool comber.
  • Klobučar Serbo-Croatian: from klobučar, hatter.
  • Krajči Slovak: from krajčír (“tailor”). Also spelled Krajčí.
  • Krajčo Slovak: from an old form of krajčí (“tailor”).
  • Kravec Slovak: from Old Slovak kravec (“tailor”).
  • Laster English: from the word laster: a workman whose business it is to shape boots or shoes, or place leather smoothly, on lasts.
  • Lederer German: a tanner.
  • Mănușaru Romanian: from mănușar, glover.
  • Marzaro Italian: from Venetian marzàro, variant of marzèr (“haberdasher”).
  • Mercer English: from the word mercer.
  • Napier English: someone who sold table linen, or was in charge of the linen of a great house.
  • Pălărier Romanian: from pălărier, hatter.
  • Pantofaru Romanian: from pantofar, shoemaker.
  • Pânzaru Romanian: from pânzar, draper. Also spelled Pînzaru, Pănzaru, Pânzar, Pânzariu, Pînzariu.
  • Pellicciari Italian: from pellicciaro, variant of pellicciaio (“furrier”).
  • Pielaru Romanian: from pielar, leathermaker, tanner, currier.
  • Plăpumaru Romanian: from plăpumar, quiltmaker.
  • Postăvaru Romanian: from postăvar, draper.
  • Purser English: a maker of purses.
  • Reep Dutch: an occupational surname for a ropemaker, from reep (“rope”).
  • Rogojinaru Romanian: from rogojinar, bast mat maker.
  • Sabater Catalan: from sabater, shoemaker.
  • Sadler English: a saddler.
  • Sastre Spanish: from sastre, tailor (person who makes, repairs, or alters clothes professionally).
  • Scarlett English: a dyer or seller of (scarlet) fabric.
  • Schneider German: meaning "tailor".
  • Schubert German: from Middle High German schuoch (“shoe”) + würchte (“worker”), denoting a shoemaker.
  • Schumacher German: Archaic spelling of Schuhmacher (“shoemaker”).
  • Schumann German: from Middle High German schuoch (“shoe”) + mann (“man”), denoting a shoemaker.
  • Schuster German: from Middle High German schuochsūtære, from Old High German *skuohsūteri, from Proto-West Germanic *skōhasūtārī (“shoemaker”).
  • Sedlář Czech: from sedlář (“saddler”).
  • Șelariu Romanian: from șelar, saddler, saddle maker, harness maker.
  • Sforaru Romanian: from sforar, ropemaker.
  • Shoemaker English: by proprialization from shoemaker.
  • Silk English: a seller of silk.
  • Skinner English: from the word skinner.
  • Snyder Dutch: from the Dutch surname for a tailor, from the verb snijden (“to cut”).
  • Šouc Slovak: from archaic spelling of švec (“cobbler”).
  • Švec Czech: from švec (“shoemaker”).
  • Szabó Hungarian: a tailor; one of the most common surnames in Hungary.
  • Szijjártó Hungarian: from szíj (“belt, strap”) + gyártó (“maker”).
  • Tăbăcaru Romanian: from tăbăcar, tanner. Also spelled Tăbăcar, Tăbăcariu.
  • Tailleur French: from tailleur (“tailor”).
  • Tailor English: a tailor.
  • Takáč Czech: from tkáč, weaver.
  • Tanner English: a tanner.
  • Taschner German: as a word, leatherworker, a craftsperson who makes leather bags and other leather goods, typically of smaller size.
  • Taylor English: from the word tailor.
  • Tessitore Italian: occupational surname for a weaver, from tessitore (“weaver”).
  • Threadgold English: from thread + gold, an occupational surname for an embroiderer.
  • Timaru Romanian: from timar, tanner. Also spelled Timar, Timariu.
  • Tintori Italian: from tintore (“dyer”).
  • Tkáč Slovak: from tkáč, weaver.
  • Torcătoru Romanian: from torcător, spinner.
  • Tucker English: equivalent to Fuller.
  • Varga Hungarian: from varga (“shoemaker”).
  • Walker English: from the occupation of treating cloth by "walking" it.
  • Weaver English: a weaver.
  • Webb English: a weaver.
  • Weber German: from Weber (“weaver”).
  • Webster English: someone who was a weaver.
  • Zavattari Italian: from a northern variant of ciabattino (“shoemaker”).

Food and mills 66

  • Băcanu Romanian: from băcan, grocer. Also spelled Băcan.
  • Baker English: a baker, or owner of a communal oven.
  • Bakker Dutch: meaning baker.
  • Baxter English: from Middle English bakster, bakestre, from Old English bæcestre (“baker”), equivalent to bake + ster.
  • Beccari Italian: from beccaro, older form of beccaio (“butcher”).
  • Becker German: from Beck (“baker”) (from Middle High German becke), or a variant spelling of southern German Bäcker (“baker”).
  • Bigaran Italian: probably from Venetian bigaran (“a kind of bread”), perhaps a metonymic occupational surname for a baker.
  • Boucher French: surname for a butcher (“boucher”), from Old French bochier (“butcher”), from boc (“he-goat”), from Frankish *bukk (“buck”).
  • Boulanger French: from boulanger, baker (who bakes bread; contrast pâtissier).
  • Brânzaru Romanian: from brânzar, cheesemaker, cheesemonger. Also spelled Brînzaru.
  • Brutaru Romanian: from brutar, baker, breadmaker.
  • Butcher English: a butcher.
  • Carnicero Spanish: from carnicero (“butcher”).
  • Casapu Romanian: from casap, butcher. Also spelled Casap.
  • Cheeseman English: someone who made cheese.
  • Ciorbagiu Romanian: from ciorbagiu, soup cook.
  • Cook English: from the word cook.
  • Cuoco Italian: from cuoco (“cook”).
  • Droghieri Italian: occupational surname for a grocer, from droghiere (“grocer”).
  • Farinaro Italian: occupational surname for a dealer in flour, from farina (“flour”) + aro (“occupational suffix”).
  • Fleischer German: as a word, butcher.
  • Formagiu Romanian: from formagiu, baker.
  • Fornaro Italian: from fornaro, variant of fornaio (“baker”).
  • Hokynář Czech: from hokynář (“grocer”).
  • Jimblaru Romanian: from jimblar, baker.
  • Koch German: from Middle High German koch, from Old High German choch, from Proto-West Germanic *kok (“a cook”).
  • Kok Dutch: meaning cook.
  • Krupař Czech: from krupař (“flour seller”).
  • Kuchař Czech: from kuchař (“cook”).
  • Kuchár Slovak: from kuchár, cook (person who prepares food).
  • Laganà Italian: occupational surname from Greek λαχανάς (“greengrocer”), itself from Ancient Greek λαχανᾶς (“greengrocer”), via Sicilian.
  • Lăptaru Romanian: from lăptar, milkman.
  • Macellaio Italian: from macellaio (“butcher”).
  • Macellaro Italian: occupational surname from macellaro, variant of macellaio (“butcher”).
  • Magopăț Romanian: from magopeț, baker.
  • Mäsiar Slovak: from mäsiar, butcher.
  • Mészáros Hungarian: a butcher.
  • Meunier French: from meunier, miller.
  • Miller English: a miller.
  • Millman English: someone who worked in a mill.
  • Milner English: a miller.
  • Minár Slovak: from a dialectal form of mlynár (“miller”).
  • Minář Czech: from mlynář, miller (person who owns or operates a mill).
  • Minárik Slovak: from dialectal pronunciation of mlynár (“miller”).
  • Molinaro Italian: occupational surname for a miller, from molinaro (“miller”).
  • Morărașu Romanian: from morăraș, diminutive of morar; small miller. Also spelled Morăraș.
  • Mulder Dutch: from mulder (“miller”).
  • Müller German: as a word, miller. Also spelled Muller.
  • Ortolani Italian: occupational surname from ortolano (“greengrocer”).
  • Panadero Spanish: from panadero (“baker”).
  • Panettiere Italian: occupational surname for a baker, from panettiere (“baker”).
  • Panettieri Italian: from panettiere (“baker”).
  • Pekař Czech: from pekař (“baker”).
  • Pekár Slovak: from pekár (“baker”).
  • Pepper English: a seller of pepper.
  • Piscionieri Italian: Italianized form of an Old French word for a fishmonger.
  • Pistore Italian: occupational surname from pistore (“baker”).
  • Pitar Romanian: from pitar, baker. Also spelled Pitariu.
  • Salinari Italian: from salinaro (“salter”).
  • Salter English: from the word salter.
  • Săraru Romanian: from sărar, salter, maker or vendor of salt. Also spelled Sărar, Sărariu.
  • Sokač Serbo-Croatian: ultimately Hungarian szakács (“cook”).
  • Speziale Italian: occupational surname for a grocer, from speziale (“grocer”).
  • Spicer English: a spice dealer.
  • Untaru Romanian: from untar, butter maker. Also spelled Untariu.
  • Zahanagiu Romanian: from zalhanagiu, butcher.

Building and wood 83

  • Banister English: a maker of baskets.
  • Bednář Czech: from bednář (“cooper, barrelmaker”).
  • Boarman English: someone who made bows for archery.
  • Bodnár Hungarian: a cooper.
  • Botaru Romanian: from botar, barrelmaker. Also spelled Botar.
  • Bottai Italian: from bottaio (“cooper”).
  • Bowyer English: someone who made bows for archery.
  • Brackstone English: from Middle English breken (“to break”) + ston (“stone”), an occupational surname for a stonemason.
  • Butaru Romanian: from butar, barrelmaker, cooper.
  • Butnaru Romanian: from butnar, cooper. Also spelled Butnar, Butnariu.
  • Cădar Romanian: from cădar, tub maker.
  • Carbonaro Italian: from carbonaro (“charcoal burner”).
  • Carpenter English: derived from the trade name carpenter.
  • Carpentieri Italian: from carpentiere (“carpenter”).
  • Carpintero Spanish: from carpintero (“carpenter”).
  • Carraro Italian: from carraro, variant of carraio (“cartwright”).
  • Cartwright English: someone who made carts.
  • Cernicchiaro Italian: occupational surname for a siever or sifter, from cernicchio (“sieve, riddle”) + aro (“occupational suffix”).
  • Cestaro Italian: occupational surname for a basket maker, from cesta (“basket”) + -aro.
  • Charpentier French: from charpentier, carpenter.
  • Cihlář Czech: from cihlář (“brickmaker”), from cihla (“brick”) + ář.
  • Collier English: derived from the name of occupation - collier (“charcoal burner”).
  • Cooper English: from the word cooper.
  • Copestake English: occupational surname for a woodcutter, from Old French coper (“to cut”) + Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”).
  • Crocker English: from crocker (“potter”).
  • Dârvaru Romanian: from dârvar (“carpenter”); the word's own entry reads servant in charge of providing firewood for the princely court. Also spelled Dârvariu, Dîrvaru, Dîrvariu.
  • Debnár Czech: from dialectal bednář (“barrelmaker”).
  • Dulgher Romanian: from dulgher, carpenter, joiner. Also spelled Dulgheriu.
  • Ebanista Italian: occupational surname from ebanista (“cabinetmaker”).
  • Fântâneru Romanian: from fântânar, welldigger. Also spelled Fîntînaru, Fîntîneru, Fântânariu, Fîntînariu.
  • Fazekas Hungarian: a potter.
  • Fletcher English: from the profession of fletcher.
  • Glasser English: a glazier.
  • Glazier English: a glazier.
  • Hooper English: a person who made hoops for barrels.
  • Hrnčíř Czech: from hrnčíř, potter (one who makes pots and other ceramic wares).
  • Jugravu Romanian: from zugrav, painter (manual laborer who paints surfaces). Also spelled Zugravu, Zugrav.
  • Kaşıkçı Turkish: literally spoon maker.
  • Kolár Slovak: from kolár (“wheelwright”).
  • Kolář Czech: from kolář (“wheelwright”).
  • Kolesár Slovak: from kolesár, wheelwright.
  • Kratt German: meaning basketmaker; borrowed from German Kratt, from Middle High German kratte (“basket”).
  • Kuiper Dutch: from kuiper, cooper.
  • Lamač Czech: from lamač (“quarryman”).
  • Machen English: occupational surname for a stonemason, from Anglo-Norman machun, dialectal Norman variant of Old French maçon.
  • Maliar Slovak: from maliar, painter.
  • Malíř Czech: from malíř, painter (artist).
  • Marangoni Italian: Venetian marangon (“carpenter”), ultimately from Latin mergus (“diver, loon”).
  • Măsar Romanian: from măsar, carpenter. Also spelled Măsariu.
  • Mason English: a stonemason.
  • Murár Slovak: from murár (“bricklayer”).
  • Muratore Italian: occupational surname, from muratore (“mason, bricklayer”).
  • Painter English: from the word painter.
  • Pietrar Romanian: from pietrar, stonecutter, stonemason. Also spelled Pietrariu.
  • Piliar Slovak: from piliar (“lumberjack”).
  • Pintér Hungarian: a cooper.
  • Pittore Italian: from pittore (“painter”).
  • Potter English: a potter.
  • Puțaru Romanian: from puțar, well digger.
  • Rešetár Slovak: from rešetár (“sievemaker”).
  • Rotar Romanian: from rotar, wheelwright. Also spelled Rotariu.
  • Sawyer English: from the word sawyer.
  • Slater English: from Middle English Slatere, Slatare, Sclatere, from Middle English sclater (“slater”).
  • Smacchia Italian: from the verb smacchiare (“to deforest”), an occupational surname for a lumberman.
  • Sticlaru Romanian: from sticlar, glazier. Also spelled Sticlariu.
  • Taglialegna Italian: occupational surname from taglialegna (“woodcutter”).
  • Tâmplaru Romanian: from tâmplar, carpenter. Also spelled Tîmplaru.
  • Taşçı Turkish: from taşçı, stonecutter.
  • Teslaru Romanian: from teslar, carpenter. Also spelled Teslariu.
  • Thatcher English: from the word thatcher.
  • Timmer Dutch: a carpenter from Dutch timmer (“construction, room”).
  • Timmerman Dutch: from timmerman, male carpenter.
  • Tokar Czech: from tokár (“turner”).
  • Tornatore Italian: occupational surname for a turner, from Late Latin tornātor (“turner”).
  • Turner English: from Middle English Turner, Turnur, Turnure, Turnour, from Middle English turner, turnare, tornere, an occupational surname for a turner or tumbler.
  • Tyler English: a tiler.
  • Wagner German: as a word, cartwright, wainwright, wheelwright.
  • Wainwright English: from Old English wægnwyrhta, equivalent to wain (“large wagon for farm use”) + wright (“worker; maker”).
  • Wayne English: an occupational surname for a cartwright, Old English wægen (“wagon”).
  • Wheeler English: derived from the trade of wheeler.
  • Wright English: a maker of machinery; found in many combinations such as Cartwright.
  • Zimmerer German: as a word, carpenter (worker skilled at handling timber for the construction of houses).
  • Zimmermann German: from Middle High German zimberman, zimmerman, zimerman, from Old High German zimbarman. Equivalent to Zimmer (“timber”) + Mann (“man”).

Land and animals 50

  • Ackermann German: as a word, plowman.
  • Bauer German: from Middle High German būre, gebūre, from Old High German būr (“peasant”), gibūr, gibūro.
  • Baumann German: from Middle High German bumann (“farmer”).
  • Bouvier French: from bouvier, drover (person who drives cattle over long distances).
  • Čihař Czech: from čihař (“birdcatcher”).
  • Creamer English: occupational surname for a seller of dairy products, from an agent derivative of Middle English creme (“cream”).
  • de Boer Dutch: from the word boer: a farmer, peasant.
  • de Ruiter Dutch: from the word ruiter: a rider, horseman.
  • de Visser Dutch: from visser, a fisher, a fisherman or, less commonly, a fisherwoman.
  • Falconer English: from the word falconer.
  • Farmer English: from the word farmer.
  • Fauconnier French: from fauconnier, falconer (a person who breeds or trains hawks).
  • Fisher English: a fisherman.
  • Forester English: from the word forester.
  • Fowler English: a hunter of birds.
  • Gardener English: from the word gardener.
  • Grăjdaru Romanian: from grăjdar, stableman.
  • Granger English: a granger (farm bailiff).
  • Hoffmann German: an occupational surname for an owner or manager of a farm, from Middle High German hof (“farm”) + mann (“man”).
  • Hunt English: a hunter (for game, birds etc).
  • Hunter English: a hunter.
  • Juhász Hungarian: a shepherd.
  • Lesník Czech: from lesník (“forester”).
  • Lovec Slovene: from lovec, hunter.
  • Maštalíř Czech: from Old Czech marštaléř (“stableman”).
  • Meier German: as a word, administrator or leaseholder of a manor.
  • Monteiro Portuguese: from monteiro (“gamekeeper”).
  • Myslivec Czech: from myslivec (“huntsman”).
  • Parker English: a gamekeeper.
  • Parkman English: a gamekeeper.
  • Pastor Spanish: from pastor (“shepherd”).
  • Pecheur French: capitalization of pêcheur (“fisher”).
  • Perniciaro Italian: occupational surname for a rearer or hunter of partridges, from pernice (“partridge”) + aro (“occupational suffix”).
  • Pescatore Italian: occupational surname for a fisherman, from pescatore (“fisherman”).
  • Plowman English: a plowman.
  • Poulter English: a dealer in poultry.
  • Ribar Serbo-Croatian: from ribar, fisherman.
  • Rybák Czech: from rybák (“fisherman”).
  • Rybár Slovak: from rybár, fisher.
  • Schäfer German: as a word, shepherd.
  • Shearer English: a shearer.
  • Shepherd English: from the word shepherd.
  • Șoimaru Romanian: from șoimar, falconer.
  • Tiller English: from the word tiller.
  • Uccellatore Italian: occupational surname from uccellatore (“bird catcher”).
  • Vânătoru Romanian: from vânător, hunter. Also spelled Vînătoru.
  • Visser Dutch: meaning fisherman.
  • Wood English: a woodsman.
  • Woodman English: from the word woodman.
  • Woodward English: from the word woodward.

Church, court and guard 138

  • Abad Spanish: from abad (“abbot”).
  • Abade Portuguese: from abade (“abbot”).
  • Abate Italian: from abate (“abbot”).
  • Abbadessa Italian: occupational surname from abbadessa (“abbess”).
  • Abbott English: an occupational surname for someone employed by an abbot.
  • Aga Romanian: from agă, Ottoman army officer.
  • Alcalde Spanish: from alcalde (“mayor”).
  • Almirante Italian: occupational surname from almirante, older form of ammiraglio (“admiral”).
  • Arceri Italian: from arciere (“archer”).
  • Archer English: a bowman.
  • Bailes English: from Old French bailis, inflection of bailif (“bailiff, officer in a court of law”).
  • Bailo Italian: occupational surname from bailo (“envoy of the Republic of Venice”).
  • Balestrieri Italian: from balestriere (“crossbowman”).
  • Banner English: a standard-bearer.
  • Bannerman English: a standard-bearer.
  • Bayliss English: from Old French bailis, inflection of bailif (“bailiff, officer in a court of law”).
  • Beadle English: a court official.
  • Bell English: of Scottish and northern English origin for a bell ringer, bellmaker, or from someone who lived "at the Bell (inn)".
  • Beșleagă Romanian: from beșleagă, Ottoman cavalry captain.
  • Beșliu Romanian: from beșliu, Ottoman cavalry soldier.
  • Birău Romanian: from birău, mayor of a village.
  • Bishop English: from the word bishop.
  • Bowman English: a bowman.
  • Butler English: from the word butler.
  • Caballero Spanish: from caballero (“knight”).
  • Călugărașu Romanian: from călugăraș, diminutive of călugăr; small monk.
  • Camerlengo Italian: occupational surname from camerlengo (“chamberlain”).
  • Campanaro Italian: occupational surname for a bell-ringer, from campanaro (“bell-ringer”).
  • Caneparo Italian: occupational surname, from caneparo (“treasurer of a guild or of a municipality”).
  • Cantore Italian: from cantore (“cantor”).
  • Capellán Spanish: from capellán (“chaplain”).
  • Cassese Italian: from Arabic قِسِّيس (“priest”).
  • Chevalier French: from chevalier, knight.
  • Churcher English: probably an occupational surname for a church warden or one who kept the parish room, church + er.
  • Cler French: from French clerc (“clergyman, clerk”).
  • Clopotaru Romanian: from clopotar, bell ringer. Also spelled Clopotar, Clopotariu.
  • Colonelu Romanian: from colonel, colonel (military officer above lieutenant-colonel and below all generals).
  • Confalonieri Italian: from a variation of gonfaloniere (“standard-bearer”).
  • Constable English: from Old French conestable (“constable”).
  • de Klerk Dutch: from the word klerk: clerk.
  • Dean English: from the word dean.
  • Degan Italian: Venetian degan (“dean”), an occupational surname.
  • Degano Italian: Venetian degano (“deacon”), an occupational surname.
  • Del Chierico Italian: occupational surname from del (“of the”) + chierico (“cleric”).
  • Del Priore Italian: from del (“of the”) + priore (“prior”), an occupational surname.
  • Del Proposto Italian: Morphologically from del (“of the”) + proposto (“proposed”), but the latter is just a corruption of prevosto (“provost”).
  • Dell'Erario Italian: from del (“of the”) + erario (“treasury”), perhaps an occupational surname for a treasurer.
  • Dell'Omodarme Italian: occupational surname for a soldier.
  • Diacono Italian: from diacono (“deacon”).
  • Dorward English: Scottish occupational surname for a doorkeeper, from Old English duru (“door”) + weard (“guard”).
  • Drost German: as a word, reeve, sheriff, bailiff (official in charge of a rural district).
  • Ecclesiastico Italian: occupational surname from ecclesiastico (“ecclesiastic, cleric”).
  • Eremita Italian: occupational surname, from eremita (“hermit”).
  • Escudero Spanish: from escudero, esquire, squire.
  • Fantappiè Italian: from fante (“infantryman”) + a (“on”) + piè (“foot”), an occupational surname for a foot soldier.
  • Fattore Italian: occupational surname, from fattore (“steward, administrator; farmer”).
  • Gastaldo Italian: from gastaldo (“chamberlain”).
  • Giudice Italian: occupational surname from giudice (“judge”).
  • Grayson English: a son of a steward.
  • Guardia Spanish: from guardia (“guard”).
  • Ierovante Italian: from a variant of ierofante (“hierophant”), perhaps an occupational surname for a priest.
  • Ispravnic Romanian: from ispravnic, state official in charge of executing a royal order, or a governor of county.
  • Isprăvnicelu Romanian: from isprăvnicel, young bailiff, clerk in the town hall.
  • Judele Romanian: from judele, definite form of jude (“judge”).
  • Judge English: from the word judge.
  • Kirchner German: occupational surname for a church worker, such as a priest, church assistant or a church property administrator.
  • Knight English: someone who was a mounted soldier.
  • Leclerc French: occupational surname from clerc (“clergyman”).
  • Lemaire French: an occupational surname from le maire (“the mayor”); the entry also gives a dialect nickname.
  • Lemoine French: from le + moine (“monk”).
  • Lévesque French: from l' + évêque (“bishop”).
  • Manago Italian: from an altered form of monaco (“monk”).
  • Mariscal Spanish: from mariscal (“marshal”).
  • Messier French: Old French messier (“harvest warden”), from meis (“harvest”).
  • Monaco Italian: from monaco, monk.
  • Monge Portuguese: from monge (“monk”).
  • Monje Spanish: from monje (“monk”).
  • Muntaner Catalan: from muntaner (“ranger, warden”).
  • Neferu Romanian: from nefer, Ottoman soldier.
  • Ofițeru Romanian: from ofițer, officer.
  • Ostaș Romanian: from ostaș, soldier.
  • Paharnicu Romanian: from paharnic, cupbearer.
  • Pândaru Romanian: from pândar, watchman. Also spelled Pîndaru, Pândar.
  • Parlato Italian: from a metathesized form of prelato (“prelate”), a status nickname for a high-ranking member of the clergy.
  • Parsons English: an occupational surname for a child or a servant of a parson.
  • Patriarca Italian: from patriarca (“patriarch”).
  • Păzitor Romanian: from păzitor, watchman, warder, guardian, guard.
  • Paznicu Romanian: from paznic, watchman, ward, guard.
  • Piscopo Italian: from Neapolitan piscopo (“bishop”).
  • Podestà Italian: from podestà (“podesta; mayor”).
  • Portaru Romanian: from portar, gatekeeper, doorkeeper, doorman, porter, door-guard.
  • Prelati Italian: from prelato (“prelate”).
  • Preotu Romanian: from preot, priest (clergyman).
  • Prete Italian: from prete (“priest”).
  • Prevosti Italian: from prevosto (“provost”).
  • Primaru Romanian: from primar, mayor.
  • Prior English: someone employed by a prior.
  • Priore Italian: occupational surname from priore (“prior”).
  • Pryor English: from Middle English Prior, Priur, from Middle English prior, priour (“prior”).
  • Reaves English: a patronymic form of the occupational name Reeve.
  • Reeve English: a bailiff.
  • Richter German: as a word, judge.
  • Ritter German: as a word, knight.
  • Rychtář Czech: from rychtář (“bailiff”).
  • Ryder English: a rider, cavalryman, or knight.
  • Schultz German: from German Schultz, an occupational surname derived from Schultheiß (“a mayor in medieval Germany”).
  • Schulz German: contraction of the Middle High German equivalent of Schultheiß (“village headman, sheriff”), from Schuld + heißen.
  • Schulze German: as a word, village headman, sheriff.
  • Scutariu Romanian: from scutar, squire, shield-bearer.
  • Senescall English: from Middle English senescall, variant of seneschal (“steward in charge of a noble's estate”).
  • Sergentu Romanian: from sergent, sergeant.
  • Sheriff English: from the word sheriff.
  • Soldato Italian: occupational surname, from soldato (“soldier”).
  • Soldatu Romanian: from soldat, soldier. Also spelled Soldat.
  • Spearman English: from spear + man, an occupational surname for a soldier armed with a spear.
  • Squire English: from the word squire.
  • Stareț Romanian: from stareț, abbot.
  • Steward English: from the word steward.
  • Stewart English: Middle Scots stewart (“steward”), from Early Scots stewart, from Old English stiġweard.
  • Stoddard English: a standard bearer.
  • Stolnicu Romanian: from stolnic, in medieval Wallachia and Moldavia, the steward of the cooks and gardeners. Also spelled Stolnic, Stolniciu.
  • Străjeru Romanian: from străjer, watchman, sentry, sentinel, guard. Also spelled Străjer, Străjeriu.
  • Sumner English: a summoner in court.
  • Țârcovnicu Romanian: from țârcovnic, cantor. Also spelled Țîrcovnicu.
  • Travis English: from an Old French word meaning "to cross over," related to traverse. Probably a name for a gatekeeper or the toll collector of a bridge.
  • Ușeriu Romanian: from ușer, royal court usher.
  • Ușieru Romanian: from ușier, doorman, doorkeeper, usher, porter.
  • Vicario Italian: occupational surname from vicario (“vicar”).
  • Vistiernicu Romanian: from vistiernic, treasurer.
  • Vogt German: as a word, steward.
  • Voigt German: from Vogt, steward.
  • Vornicu Romanian: from vornic, official in charge of justice and internal affairs in the Principality of Moldavia. Also spelled Vornic.
  • Vrátný Czech: from vrátný (“doorman”).
  • Wagstaff English: from Middle English waggen (“to move up and down”) + staff (“staff, rod”), an occupational surname for an official who carried a staff.
  • Waite English: a watchman.
  • Waits English: a variant of Waite, a watchman.
  • Ward English: a guard or watchman.
  • Warden English: a warden.

Music, letters, healing 59

  • Barber English: a barber.
  • Barbieri Italian: from barbiere (“barber”).
  • Bărbieru Romanian: from bărbier, barber. Also spelled Bărbieriu.
  • Bard English: from the word bard: a professional poet and singer.
  • Bubeník Czech: from bubeník, drummer (one who plays the drums).
  • Calamari Italian: from Latin calamarius, for a scribe.
  • Cântărețu Romanian: from cântăreț, a singer. Also spelled Cîntărețu.
  • Canzonieri Italian: occupational surname for a singer, from canzoniere (“singer; songbook”).
  • Ceteraș Romanian: from ceteraș, fiddler.
  • Cimpoeru Romanian: from cimpoier, piper. Also spelled Cimpoieru, Cimpueru, Cinpoeru, Ciompoeru, Cimpoeriu, Cimpoier, Cimpoieriu, Cimponeriu, Cimpueriu.
  • Cimpoiașu Romanian: from cimpoiaș, bagpiper. Also spelled Cimpoiaș.
  • Clark English: a scribe, secretary, or cleric.
  • Dancer English: a dancer or acrobat.
  • Daragiu Romanian: from daragiu, drummer.
  • Dăscălașu Romanian: from dăscălaș, diminutive of dascăl; small teacher.
  • Dascalu Romanian: from dascăl, teacher, professor. Also spelled Dascăl.
  • Del Medico Italian: from del (“of the”) + medico (“doctor, physician”).
  • Diacu Romanian: from diac, scribe. Also spelled Diac.
  • Doinar Romanian: from doinar, singer of doina songs.
  • Doinaș Romanian: from doinaș, singer of doina songs.
  • Dottori Italian: from dottore (“doctor”).
  • Escribano Spanish: from escribano (“scrivener”).
  • Fiddler English: from fiddler, an occupational surname for someone who played the fiddle.
  • Gajdoš Slovak: from gajdoš, bagpiper.
  • Gornistu Romanian: from gornist, bugler.
  • Grămăticu Romanian: from grămătic, scribe.
  • Harp English: a player of the harp.
  • Harper English: a player of the harp.
  • Houdek Czech: from houdek (“fiddler”).
  • Knihař Czech: from knihař, bookbinder.
  • La Maestra Italian: occupational surname, from la (“the”) + maestra (“teacher”).
  • Lăutaru Romanian: from lăutar, fiddler, musician.
  • Muzikant Czech: from muzikant, musician.
  • Organisti Italian: occupational surname for an organist, from the plural form of organista (“organist”).
  • Piper English: from the word piper.
  • Písař Czech: from písař, scribe.
  • Poeta Italian: occupational surname from poeta (“poet”).
  • Ragionieri Italian: from ragioniere (“accountant”).
  • Sanger English: an occupational surname from Middle English, from Old English sangere (“singer”).
  • Saylor English: from Old French sailleor (“dancer, acrobat”).
  • Schreiber German: as a word, writer, author, scribe, scrivener.
  • Schuyler Dutch: a Dutch surname from German Schüler (“scholar, student”); brought to America by seventeenth-century Dutch immigrants.
  • Scolaro Italian: occupational surname, from scolaro (“scholar”).
  • Scriitoru Romanian: from scriitor, writer.
  • Scripcaru Romanian: from scripcar, fiddler. Also spelled Scripcariu.
  • Scrittore Italian: occupational surname from scrittore (“writer”).
  • Scrivano Italian: from scrivano (“scribe, clerk”).
  • Segretario Italian: from segretario (“secretary”).
  • Segreto Italian: from segreto (“secret”), probably an occupational surname for a secretary or someone entrusted with secrets.
  • Singer English: from the word singer.
  • Surlaru Romanian: from surlar, trumpeter.
  • Tlmač Slovak: from tlmač (“interpreter”).
  • Toboșaru Romanian: from toboșar, drummer.
  • Trâmbițașu Romanian: from trâmbițaș, trumpeter. Also spelled Trâmbițaș, Trîmbițaș.
  • Trișcaru Romanian: from trișcar, flautist.
  • Trubač Czech: from trubač, bugler.
  • Uricaru Romanian: from uricar, scribe. Also spelled Uricariu.
  • Varhaník Czech: from varhaník, organist.
  • Vraci Romanian: from vraci, doctor.

Trade and transport 90

  • Aparu Romanian: from apar, water-vendor.
  • Arabagiu Romanian: from harabagiu, carter. Also spelled Harabagiu.
  • Asinaro Italian: occupational surname from asinaro, variant of asinaio (“donkey driver”).
  • Banchieri Italian: occupational surname, from banchiere (“banker”).
  • Barcaiolo Italian: occupational surname for a boatman, from barcaiolo (“boatman”).
  • Birjaru Romanian: from birjar, Hansom cab driver.
  • Boatman English: a boatman.
  • Boltașu Romanian: from boltaș, shopkeeper.
  • Borsieri Italian: occupational surname from borsiere (“maker or seller of bags”).
  • Bowler English: occupational surname for a maker or seller of bowls, dishes and cups, from Middle English bollere.
  • Bulanti Italian: from the apheresis of ambulanti, plural form of ambulante (“peddler”).
  • Çadırcı Turkish: from çadırcı, tentmaker, a manufacturer or seller of tents.
  • Čamdžić Serbo-Croatian: from čàmdžija (“boatman”) + -ić.
  • Cantaragiu Romanian: from cantaragiu, weigher.
  • Cărăușu Romanian: from cărăuș, barrow driver, carriage driver. Also spelled Cărăuș.
  • Carter English: someone who was a carter.
  • Căruceru Romanian: from cărucer, carter. Also spelled Căruceriu.
  • Căruțașu Romanian: from căruțaș, carter.
  • Cassettari Italian: occupational surname for a maker or seller of drawers or small boxes, from either cassetto (“drawer”) or cassetta (“small box”).
  • Cazacliu Romanian: from cazacliu, Cossack merchant.
  • Ceaușelu Romanian: from ceaușel, diminutive of ceauș; small courier. Also spelled Ceaușel.
  • Ceparu Romanian: from cepar, a seller or vendor of onions.
  • Chandler English: a chandler (“maker or seller of candles”).
  • Chapman English: a merchant.
  • Chirigiu Romanian: from chirigiu, carter.
  • Cocchiere Italian: occupational surname for a coachman, from cocchiere (“coachman”).
  • Coropcariu Romanian: from coropcar, peddler.
  • Criado Spanish: from criado (“servant”).
  • Cupeț Romanian: from cupeț, merchant.
  • Curieru Romanian: from curier, courier.
  • Del Duca Italian: from del (“of the”) + duca (“duke”), an occupational surname for the servant or retainer of a duke.
  • Dohotaru Romanian: from dohotar, naphtha processor or seller. Also spelled Dohotar, Dohotariu.
  • Epistolari Italian: perhaps an occupational surname for a carrier of letters, from epistola (“letter”).
  • Florariu Romanian: from florar, one who grows or sells flowers; flower vendor; florist.
  • Gage English: an occupational surname from Middle English gage, guage (“measure”) for an assayer, or gage (“pledge”) for a moneylender.
  • Garland English: a maker or seller of garlands.
  • Geambașu Romanian: from geambaș, a seller or dealer of horses.
  • Groom English: a servant.
  • Groome English: a servant.
  • Hawker English: from the word hawker.
  • Hofknecht German: as a word, male servant, menial on a farmyard or a court (residence of a nobleman).
  • Kalyoncu Turkish: from kalyoncu, sailor.
  • Kauffmann German: meaning "merchant".
  • Kaufmann German: as a word, merchant, businessman, trader.
  • Kočiš Slovak: from kočiš, coachman.
  • Kocsis Hungarian: from kocsis, coachman.
  • Krämer German: as a word, shopkeeper (person who sells miscellaneous inexpensive goods).
  • Lardiner English: from Middle English Lardiner, Lardener, an occupational surname from lardener (“servant employed to look after the larder”).
  • Lark English: from lark as a byname or for a catcher and seller of larks.
  • Lopătaru Romanian: from lopătar, riverboatman, boatman, paddler.
  • Mămularu Romanian: from mămular, trinket peddler.
  • Manganaro Italian: occupational surname for a maker or seller of mangles or calenders, from mangano (“mangle, calender”) + aro (“occupational suffix”).
  • Marchand French: from marchand, seller; vendor; merchant.
  • Marinero Spanish: from marinero, sailor, seaman.
  • Mastellaro Italian: occupational surname from mastellaro, variant of mastellaio (“maker or seller of wooden tubs”).
  • Matroz Romanian: from matroz, sailor.
  • Mercadante Italian: occupational surname, from mercadante (“trader”).
  • Mercader Catalan: from mercader (“merchant”).
  • Mercatante Italian: occupational surname, from mercatante (“merchant”).
  • Messenger English: a messenger.
  • Nauclerio Italian: occupational surname, from Latin nauclērius (“ship's captain”).
  • Negustoru Romanian: from negustor, merchant, trader, dealer. Also spelled Negustor.
  • Odagiu Romanian: from odagiu, servant.
  • Ogliaro Italian: perhaps an occupational surname for a dealer in oil, from oglio (“oil”) + aro (“occupational suffix”).
  • Orzaru Romanian: from orzar, barley merchant.
  • Page English: someone who was a servant.
  • Pastramagiu Romanian: from pastramagiu, pastrami maker or seller.
  • Pignattai Italian: occupational surname from the plural form of pignattaio (“maker or seller of cooking pots”).
  • Ploscaru Romanian: from ploscar, flask maker or seller. Also spelled Ploscar, Ploscariu.
  • Porter English: from Middle English Porter, from porter (“porter”).
  • Precupețu Romanian: from precupeț, street vendor.
  • Ramaioli Italian: metonymic occupational surname for a water vendor, from ramaiolo (“ladle”).
  • Sacagiu Romanian: from sacagiu, water carrier.
  • Schiappacasse Italian: Ligurian occupational surname for a docker or longshoreman.
  • Seaman English: from the word seaman.
  • Seller English: from the word seller.
  • Sergeant English: a servant.
  • Sergent English: a servant.
  • Slujitoru Romanian: from slujitor, servant. Also spelled Slujitor.
  • Straw English: from Middle English straw, as a nickname for a thin person or one with straw-colored hair, or an occupational name for a dealer in straw.
  • Sumănaru Romanian: from sumănar, coat maker or seller. Also spelled Sumănar, Sumănariu.
  • Sumpter English: from Middle English sumpter (“carrier, or driver of pack animals”).
  • Trafficante Italian: from trafficante (“trader”), an occupational surname.
  • Trottier French: from trottier (“messenger”).
  • Vatmanu Romanian: from vatman, tram driver.
  • Vetešník Slovak: from vetešník, junkman, rag-and-bone man (a merchant with old things).
  • Waggoner English: a wagoner.
  • Wagoner English: a wagoner.
  • Winkler German: from the Low German for 'shopkeeper'.
  • Zarafu Romanian: from zaraf, money exchanger. Also spelled Zarafiu.

How this list was compiled: A list by a written rule, built on 3 October 2026 from English Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org, CC BY-SA 4.0). A surname is listed when two things hold. One: it stands in one of the dictionary's categories of surnames from occupations (Category:English surnames from occupations and the same category for German, Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Turkish and Danish), read that day. Two: the entry itself, or the entry of the job word it names, says what the job was, and a word list of ours places the job in one of eight kinds of trade. Names whose entry gives no job were left out, as were jobs to do with drink, firearms and tobacco, and glosses this site does not print. Each card gives the language of the entry and then the dictionary's own words, cut to the clause that names the job; 'from the word' means the surname is spelled as the plain job word of that language, and 'as a word' gives the meaning of the same spelling as a common noun. A surname filed under English whose entry gives a German, Dutch, French or Italian origin stands under that language. Where the dictionary lists several spellings of one Romanian job surname, one card keeps the spelling ending in -u and names the others; Krajči and Müller name their second spelling the same way. Farm work is kept short here (50 cards in the land and animals kind are hunters, fishers, foresters and a few farmers): the full list is on this site's farmer last names page. This site's rule is that at most 40 in 100 names of a list may also stand in its other lists. Of the 802 names that passed, 406 stand on another list of this site; 73 of those were left out because a list that already holds them has no room, and 81 more to keep this list under the cap, the least common in the US Census Bureau's 2020 surname file first. Twelve more came off after a second check: three that would have put this site's English last names list over the same cap, two whose entry names no job, one that its entry doubts was ever a family name, one by our own choice, and five second spellings that now stand on the card of the first. That leaves 636 names, 246 of them shared (38.7 in 100), counted on 3 October 2026. Kinds: 55 metal and mining, 95 cloth and leather, 66 food and mills, 83 building and wood, 50 land and animals, 138 church, court and guard, 59 music, letters, healing, 90 trade and transport. Languages: 172 English, 157 Romanian, 119 Italian, 42 German, 35 Czech, 28 Slovak, 20 French, 18 Spanish, 15 Dutch, 10 Hungarian, 8 Serbo-Croatian, 4 Turkish, 4 Catalan, 3 Portuguese, 1 Slovene. A surname's job is what a dictionary records for the name in general, not for any family; no count of how common a name is stands behind this list. Licence: Drawn from English Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The selection and the grouping are our own work.