Random Noun Generator With a Definition for Every Noun

One press gives you five common nouns from a list of 700, each with a short definition you can read aloud.

  1. spectatorA person who watches an event without taking part.
  2. leftoversFood that remains after a meal and is saved for later.
  3. capitalThe city where a country's government sits.
  4. pebbleA small stone worn smooth by water.
  5. floristA person who arranges and sells flowers.
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Seen 5 of 700

Tip: the space bar makes new ones.

Noun of the day

 

Random Noun Generator With a Definition for Every Noun: how it works

This random noun generator draws from 700 common nouns, from lighthouse to hedgehog to curiosity, and prints a short definition under each one. Chips narrow the draw to people, places, things, animals, food, nature, or ideas and feelings, and an Easy words chip keeps to the 168 nouns a beginning reader knows. Lock the words you like, swap the rest and share the set.

Draw, lock and swap

Five nouns are on the page when it opens. Press New nouns or the space bar for five more, or change the size to 1, 10 or 20. If all you want is for someone to give you a random noun, size 1 shows a single word in large type. The padlock holds a noun while the others change, and the swap arrows replace only that card. No word comes back until you have seen every noun that passes your chip. Copy all copies the words without the definitions.

Concrete nouns and abstract nouns

The first six chips hold concrete nouns: people, places, things, animals, food and nature, all of which you can see or touch. The Ideas and feelings chip holds 130 abstract nouns, such as patience, rumor and democracy, which you can only think about. A quick test for a class is to ask whether you could put it in a wheelbarrow. Every word is a common noun, so there are no names of people, cities or brands.

How the list was made

We chose nouns that a school reader meets, wrote each definition ourselves, and kept every one short enough to read aloud in one breath. A definition gives the most common sense of the word, and a few give two, as the lines for letter, pepper and conductor do. Spelling is American. The full list is printed below the tool, grouped by kind, so you can check that it suits your class first.

Tips

  • Sorting task: draw 10 with no chip chosen and ask the class to sort them into person, place, thing and idea. Tap each chip afterwards to check.
  • Countable or not? Draw five and ask which can take a number in front. You can have three bridges, but not three furnitures, three rices or three advices.
  • Draw two nouns and join them into a compound that does not exist yet, such as a cloud library or a hedgehog bakery, then write what it sells.
  • For a poem or a song, draw one concrete noun and one from Ideas and feelings, and use the first as a picture of the second.
  • The noun of the day is the same for every visitor until midnight. Write it on the board and ask for a sentence with it as the subject.

Questions and answers

How many nouns are in the list?

There are 700: 122 people, 89 places, 98 things, 72 animals, 88 foods, 101 nature words and 130 ideas and feelings. The Easy words chip cuts across all seven kinds and holds 168 short, early-reader nouns such as barn, frog, wind and hill. All 700 are single common nouns in the singular, apart from a few that are always plural, such as ruins and leftovers.

Can I make a random list of words for a memory test?

Yes. Set the size to 10 or 20, read the words aloud at a steady pace or show them for one minute, then turn the screen away and ask people to write down what they remember. Concrete nouns are easier to recall than abstract ones, so use the Things chip for a gentle round and Ideas and feelings for a hard one. This is a classroom and party game, not a health check.

What is the quickest way to get one random noun?

Set the size to 1 and press the space bar. One noun appears in large type with its meaning underneath, and each press gives another with no repeats. That suits drawing games and improv scenes. The starting-letter menu narrows the draw to nouns that begin with B, for example.

Are there proper nouns or plural nouns?

No proper nouns. A proper noun names one particular person, place or brand and takes a capital letter, and a fair list of those would be a different page. Plurals are left out too, because you can make them yourself: most add s, a few change shape, as mouse, goose, calf and leaf do, and sheep, deer, fish and moose stay the same.

Where do the definitions come from?

We wrote them. Each is one plain sentence in our own words, giving the sense most people mean, and none is copied from a dictionary. They were reviewed on 18 September 2026. For every sense of a word and its history, look it up in a dictionary such as Wiktionary. If you spot a mistake, tell us through the contact page and we will fix it.

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All 700 nouns

Show all 700 nouns

People 122

  • acrobat A performer who does leaps, flips and balancing acts.
  • actor A person who plays a character on stage or screen.
  • adult A fully grown person.
  • ancestor A family member who lived long before you, further back than a grandparent.
  • apprentice A person who learns a trade by working alongside an expert.
  • architect A person who designs buildings.
  • artist A person who makes art, such as paintings or sculpture.
  • astronaut A person trained to travel and work in space.
  • athlete A person who is trained in a sport.
  • aunt The sister of your mother or father, or the wife of their sibling.
  • author A person who writes books.
  • baby A very young child who cannot yet walk or talk.
  • baker A person who makes bread and cakes.
  • barber A person who cuts hair and trims beards.
  • boy A male child.
  • brother A boy or man who has the same parents as you.
  • butcher A person who cuts and sells meat.
  • captain The leader of a team, a ship or an aircraft.
  • carpenter A person who builds and repairs things made of wood.
  • cashier The person who takes payment in a shop.
  • champion The winner of a competition.
  • chef The head cook in a professional kitchen.
  • child A young person who is not yet a teenager.
  • citizen A person who legally belongs to a country.
  • classmate Someone who is taught in the same class as you.
  • clown A performer in bright clothes and face paint who makes people laugh.
  • coach A person who trains a team or an athlete.
  • conductor The person who directs an orchestra, or who checks tickets on a train.
  • cook A person who prepares food.
  • cousin A child of your aunt or uncle.
  • customer A person who buys something from a shop or business.
  • dancer A person who moves to music, for fun or as a job.
  • dentist A person trained to care for teeth and gums.
  • detective A person who gathers clues to find out who did something.
  • director The person in charge of making a film or play.
  • doctor A person trained to treat people who are sick or hurt.
  • driver A person who steers and controls a vehicle.
  • editor A person who corrects and prepares writing before it is published.
  • electrician A person who installs and repairs wiring.
  • engineer A person who designs machines, roads, bridges or software.
  • expert A person who knows a great deal about one subject.
  • explorer A person who travels to places few people know, to learn about them.
  • farmer A person who grows crops or raises animals for food.
  • father A male parent.
  • firefighter A person trained to put out fires and rescue people.
  • fisherman A person who catches fish, for a living or for sport.
  • florist A person who arranges and sells flowers.
  • friend Someone you like and trust who is not family.
  • genius A person with exceptional ability or intelligence.
  • giant In stories, a person of enormous size.
  • girl A female child.
  • grandparent The mother or father of one of your parents.
  • guest A person invited to a home or an event.
  • hermit A person who chooses to live alone, away from other people.
  • hero A person admired for courage or for doing something great.
  • host The person who invites the guests and looks after them.
  • immigrant A person who has come to live in a new country.
  • inventor The first person to think of and make a new device.
  • journalist A person who gathers news and reports it.
  • judge The person who decides cases in a court of law.
  • juggler A performer who keeps several objects moving through the air at once.
  • king A man who rules a country by right of birth.
  • knight In the Middle Ages, a soldier of high rank who fought on horseback.
  • landlord A person who owns a building and rents it out.
  • lawyer A person trained to advise people about the law and speak for them in court.
  • librarian A person who looks after a library and helps people find things in it.
  • lifeguard A strong swimmer on watch at a pool or beach, ready to rescue people.
  • magician A performer who does tricks that seem impossible.
  • mayor The elected head of a town or city government.
  • mechanic A person who repairs engines and machines.
  • mentor An experienced person who guides someone newer.
  • miner A person who digs coal, metal or stone out of the ground.
  • mother A female parent.
  • musician A person who plays or writes music.
  • neighbor A person who lives next door or very near to you.
  • nephew A son of your brother or sister.
  • niece A daughter of your brother or sister.
  • nomad A member of a group that moves from place to place with no fixed home.
  • nurse A person trained to care for patients, often alongside doctors.
  • painter A person who makes pictures with paint, or who paints walls.
  • passenger A person riding in a vehicle who is not driving it.
  • pedestrian A person traveling on foot.
  • pharmacist A person trained to prepare and hand out medicines.
  • photographer A person who takes pictures with a camera.
  • pilgrim A person who travels to a holy place.
  • pilot A person who flies an aircraft.
  • pirate A person who attacks and robs ships at sea.
  • plumber A person who fits and repairs water pipes.
  • poet A person who writes poems.
  • principal The person in charge of a school.
  • queen A woman who rules a country, or the wife of a king.
  • referee The official who makes sure the rules of a game are followed.
  • rival A person who competes with you for the same goal.
  • roommate A person who shares a room or an apartment with you.
  • sailor A person who works on a ship or boat.
  • scientist A person who studies the world by testing ideas with evidence.
  • sculptor An artist who shapes stone, wood, metal or clay.
  • senator An elected member of a senate, one of the bodies that make laws.
  • shepherd A person who looks after a flock of sheep.
  • singer A person who makes music with their voice.
  • sister A girl or woman who has the same parents as you.
  • soldier A person who serves in an army.
  • spectator A person who watches an event without taking part.
  • stranger A person you do not know.
  • student A person who is learning at a school or college.
  • surgeon A doctor who treats patients by operating on them.
  • tailor A person who makes or alters clothes to fit.
  • teacher A person whose job is to help others learn.
  • teammate Someone who plays on the same side as you.
  • teenager A person aged thirteen to nineteen.
  • tenant A person who pays rent to live in or use a building.
  • toddler A child who has just learned to walk, roughly one to three years old.
  • tourist A person who visits a place for pleasure.
  • twin One of two children born to the same mother at the same birth.
  • uncle The brother of your mother or father, or the husband of their sibling.
  • veterinarian A doctor for animals.
  • villain The bad character in a story.
  • volunteer A person who does work by choice and without pay.
  • voter A person who takes part in an election by choosing a candidate.
  • waiter A person who brings food to tables in a restaurant.
  • witness A person who saw an event happen and can describe it.
  • wizard In stories, a man with magic powers.

Places 89

  • airport A place where aircraft take off and land, with buildings for passengers.
  • alley A narrow lane between or behind buildings.
  • arena An enclosed space with seats all around, for sports or shows.
  • attic The space just under the roof of a house.
  • bakery A shop where bread and cakes are made and sold.
  • balcony A platform with a railing that sticks out from an upper floor.
  • bank A business that keeps money safe and lends it.
  • barn A large farm building for animals, hay or machines.
  • basement The floor of a building that is below ground level.
  • beach The strip of sand or pebbles at the edge of the sea or a lake.
  • bedroom A room for sleeping in.
  • border The line that divides two countries or regions.
  • bridge A structure that carries a road or path over a river or gap.
  • cabin A small, simple house made of wood.
  • cafe A small place that sells drinks and light meals.
  • campsite A place set up for sleeping outdoors in tents.
  • capital The city where a country's government sits.
  • castle A large fortified building with thick walls and towers.
  • cathedral The main church of a district, under the care of a bishop.
  • cemetery A place where the dead are buried.
  • cinema A building where films are shown on a large screen.
  • city A large and busy town.
  • classroom A room in a school where lessons happen.
  • continent One of Earth's seven great land masses.
  • country A nation with its own land and government.
  • courthouse The building where law courts meet.
  • crossroads A place where two roads cross each other.
  • destination The place that someone is traveling to.
  • dock A place at the water's edge where ships tie up to load or be repaired.
  • dungeon A dark underground prison in a castle.
  • embassy The office of one country's officials inside another country.
  • factory A building where goods are made by machines.
  • farm Land and buildings used for growing crops or raising animals.
  • fortress A large, strong place built to be defended.
  • frontier The far edge of settled land, next to wild or unknown country.
  • gallery A room or building where works of art are shown.
  • garage A building or room for keeping a car.
  • garden A piece of ground where flowers or vegetables are grown.
  • greenhouse A glass building that keeps plants warm.
  • gymnasium A large room fitted out for indoor sports and exercise.
  • hallway A passage inside a building with doors that open into rooms.
  • harbor A sheltered stretch of water where ships can stay safely.
  • highway A main road that links towns and cities.
  • home The place where you live.
  • horizon The line where the land or sea seems to meet the sky.
  • hospital A place where sick and injured people are treated.
  • hotel A building where travelers pay for a room to sleep in.
  • igloo A dome-shaped shelter built from blocks of hard snow.
  • island A piece of land with water all around it.
  • kitchen The room where food is prepared.
  • laboratory A room equipped for scientific experiments.
  • library A place that keeps books for people to read or borrow.
  • lighthouse A tower with a bright light that guides ships near the coast.
  • market A place where people gather to buy and sell goods.
  • mine A deep hole or tunnel dug to reach coal, metal or gems.
  • monastery A building where monks live and work together.
  • museum A building where objects of art, history or science are kept and shown.
  • neighborhood One area of a town and the people who live in it.
  • office A room or building where people do desk work.
  • orchard A piece of land planted with fruit trees.
  • palace The large, grand home of a ruler.
  • park An open public space with grass and trees.
  • pharmacy A shop where medicines are prepared and sold.
  • playground An outdoor area with swings and slides for children.
  • plaza An open public square in a town.
  • pool A tank of water built for swimming.
  • porch A covered area at the entrance to a house.
  • port A town with a harbor where ships load and unload.
  • prison A building where people are held as a punishment for crimes.
  • pyramid A huge stone monument with a square base and four triangular sides.
  • quarry An open pit where stone is cut from the ground.
  • ranch A large farm where cattle, horses or sheep are raised.
  • restaurant A place where you pay to sit and eat a meal.
  • ruins What is left of a building after most of it has fallen down.
  • school A place where children go to learn.
  • stadium A sports field ringed by rows of seats.
  • station A place where trains or buses stop for passengers.
  • store A place where things are sold.
  • street A public road in a town with buildings along it.
  • suburb A district of homes on the edge of a city.
  • temple A building for worship.
  • theater A building with a stage where plays are performed.
  • town A place with houses, shops and streets, smaller than a city.
  • tunnel A passage dug under the ground or through a hill.
  • university A place of study after high school that awards degrees.
  • village A small group of houses in the countryside.
  • vineyard A piece of land planted with grapevines.
  • warehouse A large building where goods are stored before they are sold.
  • zoo A place where wild animals are kept for people to see and study.

Things 98

  • ambulance A vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people to hospital.
  • antenna A rod or wire that sends out or picks up radio signals.
  • armor A protective covering of metal or leather worn in battle.
  • bag A soft container that opens at the top.
  • ball A round object that is thrown, kicked or hit in games.
  • banner A long strip of cloth carrying a message or design.
  • barrel A large round container with curved sides and flat ends.
  • basket A container woven from strips of cane, straw or wire.
  • bed A piece of furniture for sleeping on.
  • bell A hollow metal cup that rings when it is struck.
  • boat A small vessel for traveling on water.
  • book Printed pages fastened together inside a cover.
  • bottle A container with a narrow neck for liquids.
  • box A container with flat sides and usually a lid.
  • bulldozer A heavy tracked vehicle with a wide blade for pushing earth.
  • bus A large road vehicle that carries many passengers along a set route.
  • cable A thick, strong rope of wire, or a bundle of wires that carries power.
  • cannon A large, heavy gun mounted on wheels.
  • car A road vehicle with four wheels and an engine, for a few people.
  • carpet A thick woven covering for a floor.
  • chair A seat for one person, with a back and usually four legs.
  • chimney A pipe or shaft that carries smoke up out of a building.
  • circuit The complete loop that an electric current travels around.
  • clock A device that shows the time.
  • coin A small flat piece of metal used as money.
  • container Anything made to hold something else, such as a box, jar or tank.
  • costume Clothes worn to look like someone or something else.
  • crane A tall machine with a long arm for lifting heavy loads.
  • crate A large box, often of wooden slats, for moving goods.
  • crown A circular ornament worn on the head by a king or queen.
  • cup A small open container for drinking from.
  • cupboard A piece of furniture with doors and shelves for storage.
  • cushion A cloth bag of soft filling to sit or lean on.
  • diary A book in which you write about your day.
  • door A panel that swings or slides to close an entrance.
  • drawer A box that slides in and out of a piece of furniture.
  • drum A hollow instrument that you beat with sticks or hands.
  • elevator A small moving room that carries people between floors.
  • engine A machine that turns fuel or electricity into motion.
  • escalator A staircase that moves.
  • fence A barrier of posts and wire or boards around a piece of land.
  • flag A piece of cloth with a design that stands for a country or group.
  • floor The flat surface of a room that you walk on.
  • fountain A structure that sends a jet of water into the air.
  • furniture The movable things in a room, such as chairs, tables and beds.
  • fuse A safety wire that melts and cuts the circuit if the current is too strong.
  • gadget A small, clever device that does one useful job.
  • gear A toothed wheel that passes turning motion to another wheel.
  • hat A covering for the head.
  • helicopter An aircraft lifted by blades spinning above it.
  • instrument A tool for careful work, or a device for making music.
  • invention Something new that someone has thought of and made.
  • jar A wide-mouthed container, usually of glass, with a lid.
  • jewel A precious stone that has been cut and polished.
  • key A shaped piece of metal that opens a lock.
  • letter A written message sent to someone, or one symbol of the alphabet.
  • lever A rigid bar that turns on a fixed point to lift or move a load.
  • machine A device with moving parts that uses power to do a job.
  • magazine A thin book of articles and pictures published at regular intervals.
  • manuscript An author's text before it is printed, originally one written by hand.
  • mask A covering for the face, to hide or protect it.
  • medal A metal disc given as a prize or an honor.
  • monument A structure built to keep the memory of a person or event alive.
  • newspaper Printed sheets of news, usually published every day or week.
  • parcel Something wrapped up to be sent by post.
  • passport An official booklet that identifies you when you cross a border.
  • pipe A tube that carries water, gas or oil.
  • plane A flying vehicle with fixed wings and one or more engines.
  • poster A large printed notice or picture put up on a wall.
  • receipt A piece of paper that proves something was paid for.
  • rocket A vehicle driven upward by burning gases rushing out of its tail.
  • roof The covering over the top of a building.
  • satellite An object in orbit around a planet, natural or sent up by people.
  • shelf A flat board fixed to a wall or frame for keeping things on.
  • shield A broad piece of armor carried on the arm to block blows.
  • ship A large vessel that carries people or cargo across the sea.
  • shoe A covering for the foot with a firm sole.
  • souvenir An object you keep to remember a place or event.
  • spring A coil of metal that returns to its shape after being pressed or pulled.
  • staircase A set of stairs with its rails and supports.
  • statue A figure of a person or animal carved or cast in a solid material.
  • submarine A ship that can travel underwater.
  • switch A device that turns an electric current on or off.
  • sword A weapon with a long metal blade and a handle.
  • table A flat top on legs, for eating or working at.
  • ticket A piece of paper or a code that shows you have paid to enter or travel.
  • tool Something held in the hand that helps you do a job.
  • toy An object made for a child to play with.
  • tractor A strong farm vehicle with large rear wheels that pulls machinery.
  • train A line of rail cars pulled or pushed by an engine.
  • treasure A store of gold, jewels or other valuable things.
  • truck A large motor vehicle built to carry goods.
  • valve A device that opens and closes to control flow through a pipe.
  • vehicle Anything that carries people or goods from place to place.
  • wall An upright side of a room or building.
  • weapon An object made or used to hurt or to defend.
  • wheel A circular part that turns on an axle and lets a vehicle roll.
  • window An opening in a wall, usually filled with glass, that lets in light.

Animals 72

  • ant A small insect that lives in large, organized colonies.
  • badger A digging animal with a striped face that comes out at night.
  • bear A large, heavy animal with thick fur and strong claws.
  • beaver A rodent with a flat tail that builds dams across streams.
  • bee A flying insect that makes honey and can sting.
  • beetle An insect whose hard front wings fold over its back like a case.
  • bird An animal with feathers, wings and a beak.
  • butterfly An insect with four large, often colorful wings.
  • calf A young cow, and also the young of whales and elephants.
  • camel A desert animal that stores fat in one or two humps.
  • cat A small furry pet that purrs and hunts mice.
  • caterpillar The worm-like young of a butterfly or moth.
  • cow A large farm animal kept for milk or beef.
  • crab A shellfish with a wide flat shell, ten legs and two claws.
  • crocodile A large reptile with a long jaw that lives in tropical rivers.
  • deer A fast, graceful hoofed animal; the males grow antlers.
  • dog A four-legged animal kept as a pet or to work, related to the wolf.
  • dolphin An intelligent sea mammal with a long beak-like snout.
  • donkey A long-eared relative of the horse, used to carry loads.
  • dragonfly A fast insect with a long thin body and two pairs of clear wings.
  • duck A water bird with webbed feet and a broad flat bill.
  • eagle A large bird of prey with a hooked beak and very sharp sight.
  • elephant The largest land animal, with a trunk and tusks.
  • fish An animal that lives in water and breathes through gills.
  • foal A young horse.
  • fox A wild relative of the dog with a pointed face and a bushy tail.
  • frog A small tailless animal that jumps and lives near water.
  • giraffe The tallest animal, with a very long neck and legs.
  • goat A sure-footed farm animal with horns and a short beard.
  • goose A large water bird with a long neck and a loud honk.
  • gorilla The largest of the apes, from the forests of central Africa.
  • grasshopper A jumping insect that chirps by rubbing its legs on its wings.
  • hedgehog A small animal whose back is covered in stiff spines.
  • hen A female chicken, which lays eggs.
  • horse A large hoofed animal that people ride.
  • jellyfish A sea animal with a soft, see-through body and stinging tentacles.
  • kangaroo An Australian animal that hops; the female carries her young in a pouch.
  • kitten A young cat.
  • ladybug A small round beetle, usually red with black spots.
  • lamb A young sheep.
  • lion A large wild cat of Africa; the males have a mane.
  • lizard A reptile with four legs, scaly skin and a long tail.
  • lobster A large shellfish with a long body and big front claws.
  • monkey A primate that usually has a tail and lives in trees.
  • moose The largest kind of deer, with broad flat antlers.
  • mosquito A small flying insect; the females bite to drink blood.
  • mouse A small rodent with a pointed nose and a long thin tail.
  • octopus A soft-bodied sea animal with eight arms.
  • otter A sleek swimming mammal with webbed feet that eats fish.
  • owl A bird with a flat face and large eyes that hunts at night.
  • parrot A brightly colored tropical bird; some can copy human speech.
  • penguin A black and white sea bird that swims and cannot fly.
  • pig A farm animal with a flat snout and a curly tail.
  • pigeon A plump gray bird common in cities.
  • puppy A young dog.
  • rabbit A small furry animal with long ears that lives in burrows.
  • rooster An adult male chicken.
  • shark A large sea fish with a skeleton of cartilage and rows of sharp teeth.
  • sheep A farm animal with a thick coat of wool.
  • snail A slow, soft animal that carries a spiral shell on its back.
  • snake A long reptile with no legs.
  • sparrow A small brown bird that lives close to people.
  • spider A small eight-legged animal; many kinds spin webs.
  • squirrel A tree-climbing rodent with a bushy tail.
  • tadpole The swimming young of a frog, with a tail and no legs yet.
  • tiger The largest wild cat, with orange fur and black stripes.
  • turkey A large bird with a bare head, raised for its meat.
  • turtle A reptile with a hard shell that lives mostly in water.
  • whale A very large sea mammal that breathes air through a blowhole.
  • wolf A wild animal like a large dog that lives and hunts in packs.
  • worm A small, soft animal with a long body and no legs.
  • zebra An African wild horse with black and white stripes.

Food 88

  • almond An oval nut with a thin brown skin.
  • appetizer A small dish served before the main course.
  • apple A round, crisp fruit with red, green or yellow skin.
  • bacon Salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig.
  • bagel A ring-shaped roll that is boiled before it is baked, which makes it chewy.
  • banana A long curved fruit with a thick yellow peel.
  • bean A seed, or a seed pod, from one of several climbing plants.
  • blueberry A small, round, dark blue berry.
  • bread A food baked from flour, water and usually yeast.
  • broccoli A vegetable with a thick stalk and green flower heads.
  • burrito A flour tortilla rolled around a filling.
  • butter A yellow fat made by churning cream.
  • cabbage A round vegetable made of tightly layered leaves.
  • cake A sweet baked food made from flour, eggs, sugar and fat.
  • carrot A long orange root vegetable.
  • cereal A breakfast food made from grain, or a grain plant such as wheat.
  • cheese A solid food made from milk that has been curdled and pressed.
  • cherry A small round fruit with a stone, usually red.
  • chicken A farm bird, or its meat.
  • chocolate A sweet food made from roasted cacao seeds.
  • cinnamon A sweet spice made from the inner bark of a tree.
  • coconut A large nut with a hairy shell, white flesh and watery liquid inside.
  • cookie A small, flat, sweet baked treat.
  • corn A tall cereal plant, and its yellow kernels.
  • cucumber A long vegetable with green skin and cool, watery flesh.
  • curry A dish cooked in a sauce of hot spices.
  • dessert Sweet food eaten at the end of a meal.
  • dumpling A small parcel of dough, often with a filling, that is boiled, steamed or fried.
  • egg An oval object laid by a bird; hens' eggs are a common food.
  • feast A large, special meal for many people.
  • flour A powder ground from grain, used for baking.
  • garlic A strong-tasting bulb made up of small sections called cloves.
  • grape A small round fruit that grows in bunches on a vine.
  • honey The sweet, sticky liquid that bees make from nectar.
  • ingredient One of the things that go into a recipe.
  • juice The liquid squeezed from fruit or vegetables.
  • leftovers Food that remains after a meal and is saved for later.
  • lemon A sour, bright yellow citrus fruit.
  • lettuce A plant with large green leaves eaten in salads.
  • lime A small, sour green citrus fruit.
  • mango A tropical fruit with sweet orange flesh around a large flat stone.
  • milk The white liquid that mammals make to feed their young.
  • mushroom A fungus with a stem and a cap; some kinds can be eaten.
  • noodle A long thin strip of pasta or dough.
  • oatmeal A hot breakfast made of oats cooked in water or milk.
  • omelet Beaten eggs fried flat and folded over.
  • onion A round bulb with a strong smell and taste, built in layers.
  • orange A round citrus fruit with a thick peel, and the color named after it.
  • pancake A thin flat cake of batter fried on both sides.
  • peach A round fruit with fuzzy skin and a large stone.
  • peanut A seed that ripens in a pod underground.
  • pear A sweet fruit that is narrow at the stem and wide at the base.
  • pepper A hot powder ground from dried berries, or a hollow vegetable.
  • pineapple A large tropical fruit with a tough, spiky skin and sweet yellow flesh.
  • pizza A flat round of dough baked with tomato, cheese and other toppings.
  • plum A soft fruit with smooth skin and a flat stone.
  • popcorn Corn kernels that burst and puff up when heated.
  • potato A starchy vegetable that grows underground as a tuber.
  • pretzel A baked snack twisted into a knot and sprinkled with salt.
  • pudding A soft, sweet, creamy dessert.
  • pumpkin A very large round orange squash.
  • recipe A set of instructions for preparing a dish.
  • rice The small grains of a grass grown in flooded fields.
  • salad A cold dish of raw vegetables.
  • salmon A large fish with pink flesh that swims up rivers to breed.
  • salt White crystals used to season and preserve food.
  • sandwich Two slices of bread with a filling between them.
  • sausage Minced meat packed into a thin tube-shaped skin.
  • shrimp A small shellfish with a long tail.
  • snack A small amount of food eaten between meals.
  • soup A liquid food made by cooking things in water or stock.
  • spaghetti Pasta made in long thin strings.
  • spinach A plant with dark green leaves, eaten cooked or raw.
  • steak A thick slice of meat or fish.
  • stew Meat or vegetables cooked slowly in liquid.
  • strawberry A soft red fruit with tiny seeds on the outside.
  • sugar Sweet crystals made from sugar cane or sugar beet.
  • syrup A thick, sweet liquid.
  • taco A folded tortilla with a filling.
  • toast Sliced bread browned by heat.
  • tomato A soft red fruit eaten as a vegetable.
  • vanilla A flavoring that comes from the seed pods of an orchid.
  • vinegar A sour liquid made when alcohol ferments a second time.
  • waffle A crisp cake of batter cooked between two patterned plates.
  • walnut A nut with a wrinkled two-part kernel in a hard round shell.
  • water The clear liquid that falls as rain; all living things need it.
  • watermelon A very large fruit with a green rind and watery red flesh.
  • yogurt A thick, slightly sour food made from milk and live bacteria.

Nature 101

  • acorn The nut of an oak tree, sitting in a small cup.
  • archipelago A group or chain of islands.
  • avalanche A mass of snow sliding fast down a mountain.
  • bamboo A giant, fast-growing grass with hollow, woody stems.
  • bark The tough outer covering of a tree trunk.
  • blizzard A heavy snowstorm with strong wind.
  • boulder A very large rock.
  • branch A woody arm that grows out from the trunk of a tree.
  • breeze A light, gentle wind.
  • cactus A desert plant with a thick stem that stores water, usually with spines.
  • canyon A deep, narrow valley with steep rock sides.
  • cave A natural hollow in rock, large enough to enter.
  • clay Fine, sticky earth that hardens when baked.
  • cliff A high, steep face of rock.
  • climate The usual weather of a place measured over many years.
  • cloud A mass of tiny water drops or ice crystals floating in the air.
  • coast The land along the edge of the sea.
  • comet A ball of ice and dust that grows a glowing tail as it nears the sun.
  • coral A hard substance built up from the skeletons of tiny sea animals.
  • crystal A solid whose atoms are arranged in a regular repeating pattern, giving flat faces.
  • current A steady flow of water or air in one direction.
  • desert A region that receives very little rain.
  • dew Small drops of water that form on cool surfaces during the night.
  • drought A long period with too little rain.
  • earthquake A sudden shaking of the ground caused by movement in Earth's crust.
  • eclipse The blocking of light from the sun or moon when another body passes in front.
  • fern A plant with feathery leaves that makes spores and has no flowers.
  • fire The heat, light and flames made when something burns.
  • flood Water covering land that is usually dry.
  • flower The part of a plant that makes seeds, often bright and scented.
  • fog Cloud that forms at ground level.
  • forest A large area thickly covered with trees.
  • fossil The remains or print of an ancient living thing preserved in rock.
  • frost A thin coat of ice crystals that forms on cold surfaces overnight.
  • galaxy A vast system of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.
  • geyser A hot spring that shoots water and steam into the air from time to time.
  • glacier A slow-moving river of ice formed from packed snow.
  • grass A low green plant with narrow leaves that covers lawns and fields.
  • gravity The force that pulls objects toward each other, and toward the ground.
  • hail Small balls of ice that fall like rain.
  • hill A raised area of land, lower than a mountain.
  • hurricane A huge, spinning tropical storm with very strong winds.
  • ice Water that has frozen solid.
  • iceberg A huge piece of ice that has broken off a glacier and floats in the sea.
  • jungle A thick tropical forest.
  • lake A large body of water with land all around it.
  • leaf One of the flat green parts of a plant where it makes its food.
  • lightning A giant spark of electricity in the sky during a storm.
  • marsh Low, wet land covered with grasses and reeds.
  • meadow A field of grass and wildflowers.
  • meteor A streak of light made when a bit of space rock burns up in the air.
  • mineral A solid natural substance that is not alive, such as quartz or salt.
  • moon The natural satellite that circles Earth about once every 27 days.
  • moss A small, soft green plant that grows in damp, shady places.
  • mountain A very high, steep area of land.
  • mud Soft, wet earth.
  • ocean One of the great bodies of salt water, such as the Pacific.
  • orbit The curved path of one body around another in space.
  • oxygen The gas in air that animals need to breathe.
  • pebble A small stone worn smooth by water.
  • peninsula A piece of land with water on three sides.
  • petal One of the colored outer parts of a flower.
  • pinecone The woody, scaly fruit of a pine tree, which holds its seeds.
  • planet A large round body that orbits a star.
  • pollen The fine powder that flowers make so that other flowers can set seed.
  • pond A small body of still water.
  • prairie A wide, flat grassland with few trees.
  • rain Water that falls from clouds in drops.
  • rainbow An arc of colors in the sky made when sunlight passes through raindrops.
  • reef A ridge of rock, sand or coral at or near the surface of the sea.
  • river A large natural stream of water flowing to the sea or a lake.
  • rock The hard, solid material that makes up Earth's crust.
  • root The part of a plant that grows underground and takes in water.
  • sand Tiny grains of worn-down rock.
  • sea The salt water that covers most of Earth.
  • seaweed A plant-like living thing that grows in the sea.
  • seed The small part of a plant from which a new plant can grow.
  • shadow A dark shape made where an object blocks the light.
  • sky The space above Earth where clouds and the sun appear.
  • snow Soft white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds.
  • soil The top layer of the ground, in which plants grow.
  • star A huge ball of glowing gas, seen as a point of light at night.
  • stem The main stalk of a plant, which holds up the leaves and flowers.
  • storm Bad weather with strong wind and heavy rain or snow.
  • stream A small, narrow river.
  • sun The star at the center of our solar system.
  • sunrise The moment in the morning when the sun first appears.
  • sunset The moment in the evening when the sun goes out of sight.
  • swamp Soft, wet land where trees and shrubs grow.
  • thorn A sharp point on the stem of a plant.
  • thunder The loud rumble that follows a flash of lightning.
  • tide The regular rise and fall of the sea, pulled mainly by the moon.
  • tornado A violently spinning column of air that reaches from a cloud to the ground.
  • tree A tall plant with a wooden trunk and branches.
  • valley Low land between hills or mountains, often with a river.
  • vine A plant with a long, thin stem that climbs or trails.
  • volcano An opening in Earth's crust through which lava, ash and gas escape.
  • waterfall A place where a river drops over a cliff.
  • wave A moving ridge on the surface of water.
  • weather What the air outside is like at one time and place.
  • wind Air moving across the surface of Earth.

Ideas and feelings 130

  • adventure An exciting and possibly dangerous experience.
  • advice An opinion about what someone else should do.
  • anger A strong feeling of being upset about something that seems wrong.
  • answer What you say or write in reply to a question.
  • apology Words that say you are sorry.
  • art Things made to be beautiful or to express ideas, such as paintings.
  • beauty The quality that makes something a pleasure to look at or hear.
  • belief Something a person accepts as true.
  • birthday The anniversary of the day you were born.
  • boredom The dull feeling of having nothing interesting to do.
  • century A period of one hundred years.
  • chance The possibility that something could happen.
  • childhood The period of life when a person is a child.
  • choice The act of picking between two or more things, or the thing picked.
  • color What the eye sees when light bounces off a surface, such as red or blue.
  • confidence A sure feeling that you can do something.
  • courage The ability to do something that frightens you.
  • culture The customs, arts and ways of life of a group of people.
  • curiosity A strong wish to know or learn something.
  • danger Something that could cause harm.
  • day A period of 24 hours.
  • debt Something, usually money, that is owed.
  • decade A period of ten years.
  • decision A choice made after thinking.
  • defeat The loss of a battle, game or contest.
  • democracy A system in which the people choose their leaders by voting.
  • distance The amount of space between two points.
  • dream The pictures and events in your mind while you sleep; also a wish.
  • education The process of teaching and learning.
  • effort The energy used in trying to do something.
  • election An event in which people vote to choose who will hold office.
  • energy The ability to do work or to cause change.
  • envy The wish to have what someone else has.
  • equality The state in which everyone has the same rights and chances.
  • fact Something that can be shown to be true.
  • failure A lack of success.
  • fear The feeling you have when you sense danger.
  • freedom The power to act, speak and think as you choose.
  • friendship The bond between people who like and trust each other.
  • fun Enjoyment and amusement.
  • future The time that has not yet come.
  • game An activity with rules, played for fun.
  • government The group of people who run a country, state or city.
  • grief Deep sorrow, especially after someone has died.
  • guilt The bad feeling of knowing you did something wrong.
  • habit Something you do so often that you no longer think about it.
  • happiness The state of feeling pleased and content.
  • health The condition of a person's body and mind.
  • history Everything that happened in the past, and the study of it.
  • holiday A day of celebration or rest when most people do not work.
  • honesty The quality of telling the truth and not cheating.
  • hope The feeling that what you want could happen.
  • humor The quality of being funny.
  • idea A thought or plan that forms in the mind.
  • imagination The ability to form pictures and ideas in your mind.
  • job The work a person does to earn money.
  • journey An act of traveling from one place to another.
  • joy A feeling of great happiness.
  • justice Fair treatment, especially under the law.
  • kindness The quality of being friendly, generous and thoughtful.
  • knowledge What a person knows, the facts and skills they have learned.
  • language The system of words that a people uses to communicate.
  • law A rule made by a government that everyone must follow.
  • logic A careful way of thinking in which each step follows from the last.
  • loneliness The sad feeling of being without company.
  • love A strong feeling of deep affection.
  • loyalty Steady support for a person, a group or a cause.
  • luck Good or bad things that happen by chance.
  • mathematics The study of numbers, quantities and shapes.
  • melody A series of musical notes that make a tune.
  • memory The power to remember, or one thing that is remembered.
  • miracle An amazing event that seems impossible to explain.
  • mistake Something done wrongly without meaning to.
  • moment A very short period of time.
  • money Coins, notes and bank balances used to pay for things.
  • music Sounds arranged in a way that is pleasing or moving to hear.
  • mystery Something that cannot yet be explained.
  • name The word by which a person or thing is known.
  • night The dark hours between sunset and sunrise.
  • noise Sound, especially sound that is loud or unwanted.
  • number A word or symbol that says how many.
  • opinion What one person thinks about something, which others may not share.
  • party A gathering of people to celebrate or have fun.
  • patience The ability to wait or to keep going without getting upset.
  • peace A time without war, or a calm and quiet state.
  • poetry Writing arranged in lines, often with rhythm and sometimes rhyme.
  • poverty The state of being poor.
  • price The amount of money something costs.
  • pride The good feeling that comes from doing something well.
  • problem Something difficult that needs to be solved.
  • profit The money left after the costs of a business have been paid.
  • promise A statement that you will definitely do something.
  • question A sentence that asks for information.
  • reason The cause of something, or the power to think things through.
  • respect A feeling of admiration for someone, shown in how you treat them.
  • rhythm A regular, repeated pattern of beats.
  • risk The possibility that something bad could happen.
  • rule A statement of what you must or must not do.
  • rumor A story passed from person to person that may not be true.
  • sadness The feeling of being unhappy.
  • safety The state of being protected from harm.
  • science The study of the natural world through observation and experiment.
  • season One of the four parts of the year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
  • secret Something known by only a few people and kept from others.
  • shape The outline or form of something.
  • silence The complete absence of sound.
  • skill The ability to do something well, gained through practice.
  • solution The answer to a problem.
  • song A short piece of music with words.
  • speed How fast something moves.
  • story An account of real or imagined events.
  • strength The quality of being physically strong.
  • success The reaching of a goal.
  • surprise Something you did not expect.
  • talent A natural ability to do something well.
  • temperature How hot or cold something is.
  • theory An explanation that fits the evidence and can be tested.
  • tradition A custom or belief handed down from one generation to the next.
  • trip A journey to a place and back.
  • trust The belief that someone is honest and will not let you down.
  • truth What is real and matches the facts.
  • victory The winning of a battle, game or contest.
  • war Armed fighting between countries or groups.
  • warning Words or a sign that tell of possible danger.
  • wealth A large amount of money and property.
  • week A period of seven days.
  • weekend Saturday and Sunday.
  • weight How heavy something is.
  • wisdom Good judgment that comes from knowledge and experience.
  • year The time Earth takes to go once around the sun, about 365 days.

How this list was compiled: Chosen and defined for this site: common English nouns that a school reader meets, sorted into people, places, things, animals, food, nature and ideas. No proper nouns, no brand names and no slang. Every definition is our own short wording, written to be read aloud, and gives the most common sense of the word; a few words with two everyday senses (letter, pepper, conductor) say so. Spelling is American. For fuller definitions, check any word in Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/). Reviewed 2026-09-18. Licence: own work