Random Adverb Generator With the Type, a Meaning and an Example

Press once for five adverbs, and each card says what kind it is, what it means and how it sits in a sentence.

Random Adverb Generator With the Type, a Meaning and an Example

  1. freely
  2. regardless
  3. surely
  4. short
  5. verbatim
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Random Adverb Generator With the Type, a Meaning and an Example: how it works

Each press of this random adverb generator deals five words. A card opens with the type, then a meaning and an example sentence. All 600 adverbs were checked in the WordNet dictionary and sorted into seven types, from 193 of manner to 35 linking words. A Flat adverbs chip holds 131 spelled like their adjectives.

Flat adverbs: no -ly and no mistake

A flat adverb has the same form as its adjective: fast, hard, late, straight. Old English made adverbs by adding -e to an adjective, which later wore away. Grammar writers of the 1700s insisted that an adverb needed -ly, and most flat forms gave way to an -ly twin. Others live on in set phrases: sit tight, drive slow. John Earle named them in 1871. Flat adverbs plus Place leaves 45, among them downstairs, overseas and nearby.

Where a frequency adverb sits

A one-word adverb of frequency goes in front of the main verb: we often walk to school. With the verb be it usually comes after: he is always hungry. Draw a Frequency word and write both kinds. Manner adverbs move more freely: she gingerly lifted the lid and she lifted the lid gingerly both work.

Tips

  • Draw one Manner adverb in secret. The group calls out tasks such as brush your teeth, you act each in that manner, and they guess the word.
  • Biweekly can mean every two weeks or twice a week, so say which. Continually means again and again, while continuously means without a pause.
  • For a quiz, press Hide all meanings: the type is under the cover too, so a class can name it before each tap.

Questions and answers

What do the Comment, Linking and Focus tags mean?

A Comment adverb gives your view of the whole sentence or says how sure you are: luckily, probably. A Linking adverb ties a sentence to the one before: however, therefore. Focus words such as only and even point at one part of a sentence and share the Degree chip.

Is a flat adverb an adjective used wrong?

No. In she runs fast, fast tells how she runs, an adverb's job. WordNet lists all 131 words under the chip as both adverb and adjective; up, then and very are left off because their adjective is a rarer or different use. Watch for an -ly twin with another meaning: hardly means almost not and lately means recently.

Why are how, when, where and why missing?

WordNet 3.1, the Princeton dictionary we checked all 600 words against on 18 September 2026, has no adverb entry for those four. Not is out as well: grammars have long called it an adverb, yet it behaves like no other.

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Manner: how 193

  • abreast Manner. Side by side and facing the same way. "The riders cycled two abreast."
  • abruptly Manner. Suddenly and without warning. "The music stopped abruptly."
  • absentmindedly Manner. While thinking about something else. "He absentmindedly put salt in his tea."
  • accidentally Manner. By mistake, not on purpose. "I accidentally deleted the photo."
  • accurately Manner. Without mistakes. "The scale weighs accurately to the gram."
  • adrift Manner. Floating with no anchor or steering. "The raft was set adrift."
  • afresh Manner. Again, from the beginning. "Let's look at the problem afresh."
  • aimlessly Manner. Without a goal or direction. "We wandered aimlessly around the market."
  • alike Manner. In the same way. "The twins dress alike."
  • alone Manner. Without anyone else. "She hiked the last mile alone."
  • aloud Manner. So that others can hear. "Read the first paragraph aloud."
  • alphabetically Manner. In the order of the alphabet. "The files are sorted alphabetically."
  • amok Manner. In a wild, uncontrolled way. "The goats ran amok in the garden."
  • anew Manner. Again, in a new or different way. "After the flood they started anew."
  • angrily Manner. With anger. "The goose hissed angrily at the dog."
  • anonymously Manner. Without giving a name. "The gift was sent anonymously."
  • apace Manner. Quickly. "Work on the bridge continued apace."
  • aptly Manner. In a fitting way. "The aptly named Windy Ridge lived up to it."
  • askew Manner. Not straight; at a crooked angle. "His tie hung askew."
  • astray Manner. Away from the right path. "The letter went astray in the mail."
  • automatically Manner. By itself, without a person acting. "The doors lock automatically at night."
  • awry Manner. Off course; not as planned. "The picnic went awry when the rain came."
  • badly Manner. In a poor way; also very much. "The team played badly in the first half."
  • bareback Manner. On a horse with no saddle. "She rode bareback along the shore."
  • barefoot Manner. Without shoes or socks. "The children ran barefoot across the grass."
  • beautifully Manner. In a lovely way; very well. "The choir sang beautifully."
  • bitterly Manner. With deep hurt or anger; also very, of cold. "He complained bitterly about the delay."
  • blindly Manner. Without seeing, or without thinking. "He blindly followed the map into a swamp."
  • bluntly Manner. Plainly, without softening the words. "She told him bluntly that the plan would fail."
  • boldly Manner. Without fear or shyness. "He boldly asked for a second helping."
  • bravely Manner. With courage. "She bravely raised her hand first."
  • brightly Manner. With strong light or color; cheerfully. "The lanterns shone brightly along the pier."
  • brilliantly Manner. Extremely well, or very brightly. "She brilliantly solved the last clue."
  • briskly Manner. Quickly and with energy. "We walked briskly to keep warm."
  • calmly Manner. Without panic or fuss. "The pilot calmly explained the delay."
  • carefully Manner. With attention, to avoid mistakes. "Measure the flour carefully."
  • casually Manner. In a relaxed way, without fuss. "He casually mentioned he had won."
  • cautiously Manner. Carefully, to avoid danger. "He cautiously opened the creaking gate."
  • clearly Manner. In a way that is easy to hear, see or follow. "Speak clearly so the back row can hear."
  • cleverly Manner. In a smart, inventive way. "The door was cleverly hidden behind a bookcase."
  • closely Manner. From a short distance; with great attention. "Look closely at the stamp."
  • clumsily Manner. In an awkward way, bumping or dropping things. "He clumsily knocked the cup off the desk."
  • convincingly Manner. In a way that makes people believe. "He convincingly played the villain."
  • correctly Manner. In the right way. "She correctly guessed the ending."
  • curiously Manner. With a wish to know more. "The calf sniffed curiously at the camera."
  • decisively Manner. Quickly and with clear results. "The captain acted decisively."
  • defiantly Manner. Openly refusing to obey. "The toddler defiantly kept his boots on."
  • deftly Manner. With quick, neat skill. "He deftly caught the falling glass."
  • deliberately Manner. On purpose; also slowly and carefully. "She deliberately left the last piece for him."
  • desperately Manner. With great need or effort. "She desperately tried to catch the last train."
  • diagonally Manner. In a slanting line, corner to corner. "Cut the sandwich diagonally."
  • direct Manner. Without stopping or going through anyone. "The train runs direct to the coast."
  • directly Manner. Straight, with nothing in between; very soon. "The path leads directly to the beach."
  • double Manner. Twice as much; in two layers. "Fold the blanket double."
  • dramatically Manner. In a sudden or showy way. "He sighed dramatically and flopped on the sofa."
  • eagerly Manner. With keen interest. "The puppy eagerly chased the ball."
  • easily Manner. Without difficulty. "The lid came off easily."
  • easy Manner. Gently, without strain. Used in set phrases. "Go easy on the hot sauce."
  • edgewise Manner. With the edge first. "Slide the tray in edgewise."
  • effortlessly Manner. Without seeming to try. "The hawk soared effortlessly on the wind."
  • evenly Manner. In equal amounts; smoothly. "Spread the sauce evenly over the base."
  • faintly Manner. In a way that is hard to notice. "A bell rang faintly across the valley."
  • fair Manner. By the rules. Used in set phrases. "Play fair and take turns."
  • fast Manner. At high speed. Fast is the adjective and the adverb. "The river runs fast after rain."
  • fine Manner. Well enough. Informal. "The old bike still works fine."
  • finely Manner. Into very small pieces; very well. "Finely chop the parsley."
  • firmly Manner. In a strong, steady way. "Press the lid down firmly."
  • firsthand Manner. Directly, from your own experience. "She saw the flood firsthand."
  • flat Manner. Level against a surface. "Lie flat on the mat."
  • fluently Manner. Smoothly and easily, as when speaking a language. "After a year in Rome she spoke Italian fluently."
  • frantically Manner. In a fast, panicked way. "He frantically searched his pockets for the ticket."
  • free Manner. Without paying. "Children under five travel free."
  • freely Manner. Without limits or control. "The horses roam freely on the moor."
  • full-time Manner. For all the normal working hours. "She works full-time at the library."
  • generously Manner. In a giving way; in large amounts. "She generously shared her umbrella."
  • gently Manner. With a soft, careful touch. "Gently fold the egg whites into the batter."
  • gingerly Manner. With great care, as if something might break. "She gingerly lifted the hot lid."
  • gracefully Manner. With smooth, pleasing movement. "The skater gracefully landed the jump."
  • gradually Manner. Slowly, a little at a time. "The sky gradually turned pink."
  • gratefully Manner. With thanks. "He gratefully accepted the glass of water."
  • gratis Manner. For free. "Refills are served gratis."
  • gravely Manner. In a very serious way. "The captain spoke gravely about the storm."
  • happily Manner. In a happy way. "The baby gurgled happily in the bath."
  • hard Manner. With great effort or force. Hardly means almost not. "She trained hard for the race."
  • hastily Manner. In a hurry, often too fast. "He hastily scribbled a note and left."
  • headfirst Manner. With the head leading. "She dived headfirst into the pool."
  • headlong Manner. Head first, or without stopping to think. "He ran headlong into the pond."
  • heartily Manner. With energy and warmth; in large amounts. "They laughed heartily at the old joke."
  • heavily Manner. With a lot of force or weight; a lot. "It snowed heavily overnight."
  • helter-skelter Manner. In hasty disorder. "Papers flew helter-skelter across the room."
  • higgledy-piggledy Manner. In a jumbled mess. "Boots lay higgledy-piggledy by the door."
  • impromptu Manner. Without planning or rehearsal. "She spoke impromptu for ten minutes."
  • inadvertently Manner. By accident, through not paying attention. "He inadvertently sat on his glasses."
  • incognito Manner. With your identity hidden. "The critic dined incognito."
  • innocently Manner. As if having done nothing wrong. "The puppy looked up innocently from the torn cushion."
  • instinctively Manner. Without thinking, from instinct. "She instinctively ducked."
  • intently Manner. With fixed attention. "The cat watched the fish intently."
  • jokingly Manner. As a joke, not seriously. "She jokingly called the cat her landlord."
  • kindly Manner. In a caring way. Also a formal please. "A stranger kindly showed us the way."
  • laboriously Manner. Slowly and with great effort. "He laboriously copied each line."
  • lazily Manner. Slowly, with little effort. "The cat stretched lazily in the sun."
  • leisurely Manner. Without hurry. "We strolled leisurely along the beach."
  • lengthwise Manner. Along the longest side. "Cut the cucumber lengthwise."
  • lightly Manner. With little force or weight. "Lightly dust the cake with sugar."
  • live Manner. As it happens, not recorded. "The final is shown live tonight."
  • loud Manner. With a lot of sound. Less formal than loudly. "Don't play the radio so loud."
  • loudly Manner. With a lot of sound. "The crowd cheered loudly at the final whistle."
  • manually Manner. By hand, not by machine. "The gate has to be opened manually."
  • mentally Manner. In the mind. "He mentally added up the bill."
  • methodically Manner. Step by step, in a fixed order. "She methodically searched each drawer."
  • meticulously Manner. With extreme care over every detail. "The model ship was meticulously painted."
  • mischievously Manner. In a playful, troublemaking way. "She grinned mischievously and hid the remote."
  • neatly Manner. In a tidy, ordered way. "Fold the towels neatly."
  • nervously Manner. In a worried, jumpy way. "He nervously checked his watch."
  • nimbly Manner. With quick, light movements. "The goat climbed nimbly up the rocks."
  • offhand Manner. Without checking or preparing. "I can't tell you the price offhand."
  • openly Manner. Without hiding anything. "She spoke openly about her mistake."
  • outright Manner. Completely and at once; openly. "They bought the house outright."
  • overtime Manner. Beyond the normal working hours. "The crew worked overtime to finish the roof."
  • painstakingly Manner. With great care and effort. "She painstakingly copied the map by hand."
  • part-time Manner. For only part of the normal working hours. "He teaches part-time."
  • patiently Manner. Calmly, without complaining about a wait. "The dog waited patiently by the door."
  • pell-mell Manner. In a rushed, confused way. "The kids ran pell-mell toward the ice cream truck."
  • persuasively Manner. In a way that makes people agree. "She argued persuasively for a later start."
  • physically Manner. With or in the body. "The job is physically tiring."
  • piecemeal Manner. Bit by bit, not all at once. "The fence was repaired piecemeal over a year."
  • point-blank Manner. Directly and bluntly; from very close. "She asked him point-blank where he had been."
  • politely Manner. With good manners. "He politely held the door for the next person."
  • professionally Manner. As a paid job; to a high standard. "He plays chess professionally."
  • properly Manner. In the right or accepted way. "Make sure the lid is properly closed."
  • proudly Manner. With pride. "She proudly showed us her first loaf."
  • purposefully Manner. With a clear aim. "She strode purposefully toward the office."
  • quick Manner. Fast. Informal, mostly in speech. "Come quick, the eggs are hatching."
  • quickly Manner. At high speed; in a short time. "She quickly tied her laces and ran."
  • quietly Manner. With little or no noise. "We crept quietly past the sleeping dog."
  • randomly Manner. By chance, with no pattern. "Teams were chosen randomly from a hat."
  • recklessly Manner. Without caring about danger. "The cart rolled recklessly down the hill."
  • reluctantly Manner. Without really wanting to. "He reluctantly handed over the remote."
  • resolutely Manner. With firm determination. "He resolutely refused a second slice."
  • respectively Manner. In the same order as the things just named. "Ana and Ben came first and second respectively."
  • safely Manner. Without harm or danger. "Everyone crossed the river safely."
  • sarcastically Manner. Saying the opposite of what you mean, to mock. "He sarcastically thanked the rain for coming."
  • secretly Manner. Without others knowing. "He secretly practiced the song for weeks."
  • separately Manner. Apart, not together. "Wash the white shirts separately."
  • sharply Manner. Suddenly and by a lot; or in a harsh tone. "The road bends sharply after the bridge."
  • sheepishly Manner. In an embarrassed way after a mistake. "He sheepishly admitted he had lost the key."
  • short Manner. Before reaching the goal. "The throw fell short."
  • silently Manner. Without any sound. "The owl glided silently over the field."
  • single-handedly Manner. Alone, without any help. "He single-handedly rebuilt the shed."
  • sloppily Manner. In a messy, careless way. "The poster was sloppily glued to the wall."
  • slow Manner. At low speed. Used in short commands and on signs. "Go slow past the school."
  • slowly Manner. At low speed. "The snail slowly crossed the path."
  • smugly Manner. Too pleased with yourself. "The cat sat smugly on the warm laptop."
  • softly Manner. In a gentle, low way. "Snow fell softly on the roof all night."
  • solemnly Manner. In a grave, serious way. "They solemnly promised to keep the secret."
  • solo Manner. Alone, without a partner. "She sailed solo around the island."
  • somehow Manner. In a way that is not known. "Somehow the cat got onto the roof."
  • soundly Manner. Deeply, of sleep; thoroughly. "She slept soundly until nine."
  • spontaneously Manner. Without planning, on impulse. "The crowd spontaneously began to sing."
  • steadily Manner. At an even, unbroken pace. "Rain fell steadily until noon."
  • stealthily Manner. Quietly, so as not to be noticed. "The cat stealthily approached the bird feeder."
  • sternly Manner. In a serious, strict way. "The referee spoke sternly to both captains."
  • straight Manner. In a line, without bending or stopping. "Go straight until you reach the bridge."
  • stubbornly Manner. Refusing to change or give way. "The stain stubbornly stayed on the shirt."
  • successfully Manner. With the result you wanted. "She successfully defended her title."
  • suddenly Manner. Quickly and without warning. "Suddenly the lights went out."
  • tactfully Manner. Carefully, so as not to upset anyone. "He tactfully changed the subject."
  • thinly Manner. In a fine layer or thin pieces. "Slice the onions thinly."
  • tight Manner. Firmly and closely. Used in set phrases. "Hold tight while the bus turns."
  • tightly Manner. Firmly, with no slack. "Hold the rope tightly."
  • timidly Manner. In a shy, fearful way. "The fawn timidly stepped into the clearing."
  • tirelessly Manner. Without seeming to get tired. "Volunteers worked tirelessly to clear the path."
  • together Manner. With each other. "We cooked dinner together."
  • topsy-turvy Manner. Upside down; in total disorder. "The storm turned the shed topsy-turvy."
  • triumphantly Manner. With joy at winning. "She triumphantly held up the missing sock."
  • truthfully Manner. Without lying. "He truthfully answered every question."
  • unanimously Manner. With everyone agreeing. "The club voted unanimously for the new name."
  • unwittingly Manner. Without knowing or meaning to. "She unwittingly gave away the surprise."
  • vaguely Manner. In a way that is not clear or exact. "I vaguely remember a house with a red door."
  • verbatim Manner. Word for word. "He repeated the message verbatim."
  • vigorously Manner. With force and energy. "Shake the bottle vigorously."
  • vividly Manner. In clear, strong detail. "I vividly remember my first day at school."
  • warmly Manner. In a friendly way; or in warm clothes. "They warmly welcomed the new neighbors."
  • well Manner. In a good or skilled way. The adverb of good. "She plays the violin well."
  • wholeheartedly Manner. With complete commitment. "I wholeheartedly agree."
  • wholesale Manner. In bulk; on a large scale. "The shop buys its flour wholesale."
  • wide Manner. As far or as fully as possible. "Open wide and say ah."
  • willingly Manner. Gladly, without being forced. "She willingly stayed late to help."
  • willy-nilly Manner. Whether you like it or not; without a plan. "He stuffed clothes willy-nilly into the bag."
  • wisely Manner. Showing good judgment. "He wisely packed a spare battery."
  • wistfully Manner. With gentle sadness for something past. "He looked wistfully at the old school photo."
  • wrong Manner. Incorrectly. Used after the verb. "I spelled her name wrong."
  • wrongly Manner. In a mistaken or unfair way. "He was wrongly blamed for the broken window."

Time: when 62

  • afterward Time. After that. "We swam and had lunch afterward."
  • ago Time. Back in time from now. It follows the time phrase. "We met three years ago."
  • already Time. Before now, or sooner than expected. "She has already finished the puzzle."
  • anon Time. Soon. An old word, now mostly playful. "More on that anon."
  • anymore Time. Any longer. Used with negatives. "The bus doesn't stop here anymore."
  • before Time. At an earlier time. "I have seen this film before."
  • beforehand Time. Before something happens. "Read the recipe beforehand."
  • belatedly Time. Later than it should have been. "He belatedly sent a birthday card."
  • briefly Time. For a short time. "We stopped briefly for fuel."
  • currently Time. At the present time. "The bridge is currently closed."
  • earlier Time. Before now, or before the time in mind. "I saw him earlier at the pool."
  • early Time. Before the usual or expected time. "The bakery opens early."
  • eternally Time. Forever, or for what feels like forever. "I am eternally grateful for the lift."
  • eventually Time. In the end, after a long time. "The kitten eventually came down."
  • finally Time. After a long wait; as the last thing. "The rain finally stopped."
  • forever Time. For all time. "I will remember that goal forever."
  • formerly Time. In the past, but not now. "The cafe was formerly a bank."
  • forthwith Time. At once. Formal. "The fine must be paid forthwith."
  • henceforth Time. From now on. Formal. "Henceforth the gate will be locked at six."
  • hitherto Time. Until now. Formal. "A hitherto unknown letter turned up in the attic."
  • immediately Time. At once. "Call me immediately if it leaks again."
  • indefinitely Time. For a time with no fixed end. "The match was postponed indefinitely."
  • initially Time. At first. "Initially the puppy hid under the bed."
  • instantly Time. In an instant. "The screen instantly went dark."
  • late Time. After the expected time. Lately means recently. "The train arrived late."
  • lately Time. In the last few days or weeks. "I haven't seen him lately."
  • later Time. At a time after now. "I will call you later."
  • long Time. For a great amount of time. "Have you been waiting long?"
  • meanwhile Time. During the same time. "Boil the pasta. Meanwhile, grate the cheese."
  • midweek Time. In the middle of the week. "The shop restocks midweek."
  • momentarily Time. For a moment; in American use also in a moment. "The lights flickered momentarily."
  • newly Time. Very recently. "The newly painted bench is still wet."
  • now Time. At this moment. "The bus is leaving now."
  • nowadays Time. At the present time, compared with the past. "Nowadays we read the news on our phones."
  • originally Time. In the beginning, before changes. "The barn was originally red."
  • overnight Time. During or through the night. "Soak the beans overnight."
  • permanently Time. For all time; with no plan to change. "The old pool closed permanently."
  • prematurely Time. Too early. "The alarm went off prematurely."
  • presently Time. Soon; in American use also now. "The doctor will see you presently."
  • previously Time. Before now, or before that time. "She had previously worked as a pilot."
  • promptly Time. Without delay; exactly on time. "She promptly returned the book."
  • pronto Time. Quickly, at once. Informal. "Get here pronto."
  • punctually Time. Exactly on time. "The train left punctually at noon."
  • recently Time. Not long ago. "They recently moved to a smaller house."
  • sharp Time. Exactly at the stated time. "Be at the gate at nine sharp."
  • shortly Time. Soon. Not the adverb of short. "The show will begin shortly."
  • simultaneously Time. At exactly the same time. "Both phones rang simultaneously."
  • someday Time. At an unknown time in the future. "Someday I will learn to sail."
  • sometime Time. At a time that is not fixed. "Come and visit sometime."
  • soon Time. In a short time from now. "Dinner will be ready soon."
  • still Time. Continuing up to now. "The shop is still open."
  • straightaway Time. At once. "She answered straightaway."
  • subsequently Time. After that; later. "He trained as a chef and subsequently opened a cafe."
  • temporarily Time. For a limited time only. "The road is temporarily closed."
  • then Time. At that time; after that. "We lived by the sea then."
  • thereafter Time. After that time. "She moved to Lima and lived there thereafter."
  • today Time. On this day. "The library closes early today."
  • tomorrow Time. On the day after today. "We leave tomorrow at dawn."
  • tonight Time. On this evening or night. "The stars should be clear tonight."
  • ultimately Time. In the end. "Ultimately the choice is yours."
  • yesterday Time. On the day before today. "It rained all day yesterday."
  • yet Time. Up to now. Used in questions and negatives. "Has the mail come yet?"

Place: where 95

  • aboard Place. On or onto a ship, train, bus or plane. "All passengers are now aboard."
  • about Place. Here and there. More British than American. "Papers were scattered about."
  • above Place. In a higher place. "A hawk circled above."
  • abroad Place. In or to another country. "He studied abroad for a year."
  • across Place. From one side to the other. "The river is too wide to swim across."
  • afar Place. At or from a great distance. "We watched the fireworks from afar."
  • afield Place. Far from home or the usual place. "Buyers came from far afield."
  • aft Place. At or toward the back of a boat or plane. "The galley is aft."
  • aground Place. Onto the bottom in shallow water. "The ferry ran aground on a sandbar."
  • ahead Place. In front; further forward. "Walk ahead and we will follow."
  • aloft Place. Up in the air. "She held the trophy aloft."
  • along Place. Forward; with someone. "Bring your sister along."
  • alongside Place. Next to, at the side. "A police boat pulled alongside."
  • anywhere Place. In any place at all. "Sit anywhere you like."
  • apart Place. Separated by distance. "The two posts stand a yard apart."
  • around Place. In a circle; here and there. "The dog ran around in the yard."
  • ashore Place. Onto the land from the water. "The sailors rowed ashore."
  • aside Place. To one side. "She stepped aside to let us pass."
  • astern Place. At or toward the back of a ship. "The dinghy trailed astern."
  • away Place. At a distance; to another place. "The geese flew away."
  • back Place. To where something was before. "Put the milk back, please."
  • backstage Place. Behind the stage. "The actors waited backstage."
  • backward Place. Toward the back; in reverse. "He counted backward from ten."
  • behind Place. At the back. "One hiker fell behind."
  • below Place. In a lower place. "We could hear voices below."
  • beyond Place. Further away; on the far side. "We could see the hills and the sea beyond."
  • by Place. Past; near. "A parade marched by."
  • clear Place. Out of the way; not touching. "Stand clear of the doors."
  • clockwise Place. In the direction a clock's hands move. "Turn the lid clockwise to close it."
  • close Place. Not far; near. "Stay close while we cross."
  • counterclockwise Place. Opposite to the way a clock's hands move. "Stir the pot counterclockwise."
  • deep Place. Far down or far in. Deeply means very much. "The roots go deep."
  • down Place. Toward a lower place. "The cat jumped down."
  • downhill Place. Toward the bottom of a slope. "The ball rolled downhill."
  • downstairs Place. On or to a lower floor. "She ran downstairs to get the door."
  • downstream Place. With the flow of a river. "The raft drifted downstream."
  • downtown Place. In or to the center of a city. "We took the bus downtown."
  • downward Place. Toward a lower point. "The path slopes downward."
  • east Place. Toward the east. "Our window faces east."
  • elsewhere Place. In another place. "The cafe was full, so we ate elsewhere."
  • everywhere Place. In all places. "Sand got everywhere."
  • far Place. At or to a great distance. "We didn't walk far."
  • forward Place. Toward the front. "Take one step forward."
  • halfway Place. At the middle point between two places. "We stopped halfway for a snack."
  • here Place. In or to this place. "Put the box here."
  • hereabouts Place. Somewhere near here. "There are no gas stations hereabouts."
  • high Place. Far above the ground. Highly means very. "The kite flew high above the beach."
  • hither Place. To this place. Old use. "Come hither and see."
  • home Place. To or at the place where you live. "We walked home after the match."
  • homeward Place. Toward home. "The boats turned homeward at dusk."
  • in Place. Into a place. "Come in and sit down."
  • indoors Place. Inside a building. "We played indoors all afternoon."
  • inland Place. Away from the coast. "The storm moved inland."
  • inside Place. In or into a building or container. "It started to rain, so we went inside."
  • inward Place. Toward the inside. "The door opens inward."
  • left Place. Toward the left side. "Turn left at the bakery."
  • locally Place. In the area near you. "The honey is made locally."
  • low Place. Near the ground. "The plane flew low over the lake."
  • nationwide Place. In every part of a country. "The stores closed nationwide for the holiday."
  • near Place. At a short distance. "The storm is drawing near."
  • nearby Place. Not far away. "A stream runs nearby."
  • north Place. Toward the north. "The road runs north to the lake."
  • nowhere Place. In no place. "The remote is nowhere to be found."
  • off Place. Away from a place or surface. "The lid came off."
  • offshore Place. At sea, away from the coast. "The boat anchored offshore."
  • onward Place. Forward, further on. "The hikers pressed onward."
  • out Place. Away from the inside. "The cat wants to go out."
  • outdoors Place. In the open air. "The class ate lunch outdoors."
  • outside Place. Not in a building; in the open. "The dog is waiting outside."
  • outward Place. Toward the outside. "The petals curve outward."
  • over Place. Across, or to the other side. "Come over after school."
  • overboard Place. Over the side of a boat into the water. "His hat blew overboard."
  • overhead Place. Above your head. "Geese honked overhead."
  • overseas Place. Across the sea, in another country. "The parcel was sent overseas."
  • past Place. Up to and beyond a point. "A cyclist sped past."
  • right Place. Toward the right side. "Turn right after the bridge."
  • seaward Place. Toward the sea. "The gulls flew seaward."
  • sideways Place. To or from the side. "The crab scuttled sideways under a rock."
  • skyward Place. Toward the sky. "The rocket shot skyward."
  • somewhere Place. In a place not known or named. "My keys are somewhere in this room."
  • south Place. Toward the south. "The river flows south to the sea."
  • there Place. In or to that place. "Your shoes are over there."
  • thither Place. To that place. Old use. "They ran hither and thither."
  • through Place. From one side or end to the other. "The guard let us through."
  • underfoot Place. Under your feet. "The leaves crunched underfoot."
  • underground Place. Below the surface of the earth. "Moles live underground."
  • underneath Place. Directly under something. "Lift the mat and look underneath."
  • up Place. Toward a higher place. "The balloon floated up."
  • uphill Place. Toward the top of a slope. "We pushed the bikes uphill."
  • upstairs Place. On or to a higher floor. "The bedrooms are upstairs."
  • upstream Place. Against the flow of a river. "Salmon swim upstream to spawn."
  • upward Place. Toward a higher point. "Smoke curled upward."
  • west Place. Toward the west. "The wagons headed west."
  • within Place. Inside. Formal, or on signs. "The sign said to inquire within."
  • yonder Place. Over there. Old or regional. "The farm lies yonder, past the oak."

Frequency: how often 50

  • again Frequency. One more time. "Please say that again."
  • always Frequency. At all times; every time. "She always ties a double knot."
  • annually Frequency. Once a year. "The club elects a captain annually."
  • biannually Frequency. Twice a year. Often mixed up with biennially. "The fees are reviewed biannually."
  • biennially Frequency. Every two years. "The festival is held biennially."
  • bimonthly Frequency. Every two months, or twice a month; say which. "The magazine is printed bimonthly."
  • biweekly Frequency. Every two weeks, or twice a week; say which. "The club meets biweekly."
  • ceaselessly Frequency. Without ever stopping. "Waves beat ceaselessly on the rocks."
  • commonly Frequency. Often; by many people. "The word is commonly misspelled."
  • consistently Frequency. In the same way every time. "She consistently scores above ninety."
  • constantly Frequency. All the time, without a break. "The puppy constantly chews my slippers."
  • continually Frequency. Again and again, with pauses. "The phone rang continually all morning."
  • continuously Frequency. Without any pause. "The pump ran continuously for a week."
  • customarily Frequency. By custom; as people usually do. "Guests customarily remove their shoes."
  • daily Frequency. Every day. "The museum opens daily at nine."
  • ever Frequency. At any time. Used in questions and negatives. "Have you ever seen a comet?"
  • fortnightly Frequency. Every two weeks. Mainly British. "The bins are emptied fortnightly."
  • frequently Frequency. Often. A little more formal. "Buses run frequently on this route."
  • generally Frequency. In most cases. "The shop is generally quiet on Mondays."
  • habitually Frequency. By habit. "She habitually arrives ten minutes early."
  • hourly Frequency. Every hour. "Buses leave hourly."
  • incessantly Frequency. Without stopping, in an annoying way. "The gulls squawked incessantly."
  • infrequently Frequency. Not often. "The ferry runs infrequently in winter."
  • intermittently Frequency. Stopping and starting. "The light flickered intermittently."
  • invariably Frequency. Every time, without exception. "The toast invariably lands butter side down."
  • monthly Frequency. Every month. "Rent is paid monthly."
  • never Frequency. Not at any time. "I have never tried snails."
  • nightly Frequency. Every night. "The show runs nightly until June."
  • nonstop Frequency. Without any stops or pauses. "We drove nonstop to the coast."
  • normally Frequency. In the usual way; most of the time. "The mail normally arrives by ten."
  • occasionally Frequency. Now and then, not often. "I occasionally see deer in the yard."
  • often Frequency. Many times. "We often walk to school."
  • once Frequency. One time only. "I have met her once."
  • periodically Frequency. From time to time, at intervals. "Stir the sauce periodically."
  • perpetually Frequency. All the time, seemingly forever. "His desk is perpetually covered in paper."
  • quarterly Frequency. Four times a year, every three months. "The newsletter goes out quarterly."
  • rarely Frequency. Not often. "It rarely snows in our town."
  • regularly Frequency. At even intervals; often. "He regularly checks the tire pressure."
  • repeatedly Frequency. Many times over. "He repeatedly pressed the elevator button."
  • routinely Frequency. As a normal, regular practice. "Pilots routinely check the weather."
  • seasonally Frequency. At a certain season each year. "The cafe opens seasonally, from May to September."
  • seldom Frequency. Not often. A little formal. "He seldom misses a game."
  • sometimes Frequency. On some occasions, not all. "Sometimes we have soup for breakfast."
  • sporadically Frequency. At irregular times, now and then. "It rained sporadically all week."
  • thrice Frequency. Three times. Old-fashioned. "The knight knocked thrice."
  • twice Frequency. Two times. "The bell rang twice."
  • typically Frequency. In the usual way; in most cases. "A game typically lasts an hour."
  • usually Frequency. Most of the time. "We usually eat at seven."
  • weekly Frequency. Every week. "The paper comes out weekly."
  • yearly Frequency. Every year. "The fair is held yearly."

Degree and focus: how much 103

  • absolutely Degree. Completely, with no doubt. "You are absolutely right."
  • almost Degree. Not quite. "We are almost there."
  • also Focus. In addition. "She plays the flute and also sings."
  • altogether Degree. Completely; in total. "The noise stopped altogether."
  • approximately Degree. Close to, but not exactly. "The tank holds approximately forty liters."
  • awfully Degree. Very. Informal. "That is awfully kind of you."
  • barely Degree. Only just. "We barely caught the train."
  • chiefly Focus. Above all; mainly. "The island is known chiefly for its cheese."
  • clean Degree. Completely. Informal. "I clean forgot the milk."
  • completely Degree. In every way; totally. "The pond froze completely."
  • considerably Degree. By a large amount. "The river has risen considerably."
  • dead Degree. Completely or exactly. Informal. "The lake was dead calm."
  • dearly Degree. Very much; at a high cost. "She dearly loves that old bike."
  • deeply Degree. Very much; far down. "She was deeply moved by the letter."
  • doubly Degree. Twice as much. "Be doubly careful on the ice."
  • downright Degree. Completely, used with something bad. "The chair is downright uncomfortable."
  • drastically Degree. In a sudden and extreme way. "Prices dropped drastically."
  • either Focus. Also, after a negative. "I don't like olives either."
  • enough Degree. As much as needed. It follows the word it modifies. "Is the water warm enough?"
  • entirely Degree. Completely, with nothing left out. "The cake is made entirely of vegetables."
  • especially Focus. More than others; above all. "I love soup, especially on cold days."
  • even Focus. Used to stress something surprising. "Even the dog looked bored."
  • exactly Focus. With no difference at all. "The twins are exactly the same height."
  • exceptionally Degree. Much more than usual. "It was an exceptionally dry summer."
  • excessively Degree. Too much. "The sauce was excessively salty."
  • exclusively Focus. Only for or by one group or thing. "The pool is exclusively for guests."
  • extra Degree. More than usual. "Pack extra warm socks."
  • extraordinarily Degree. Far beyond the ordinary. "The cave is extraordinarily deep."
  • extremely Degree. To a very high degree. "The path is extremely slippery."
  • fairly Degree. To a moderate degree. "The test was fairly easy."
  • fully Degree. Completely; to the full amount. "The battery is fully charged."
  • greatly Degree. Very much. "Your help is greatly appreciated."
  • half Degree. Partly; to the extent of a half. "The glass is half full."
  • hardly Degree. Almost not. Not the adverb of hard. "I could hardly hear her."
  • highly Degree. Very; to a high level. "The guide was highly skilled."
  • incredibly Degree. To a degree that is hard to believe. "The pup grew incredibly fast."
  • infinitely Degree. Without limit; very much. "Homemade bread tastes infinitely better."
  • intensely Degree. With great strength or feeling. "The sun shone intensely at noon."
  • just Focus. Only; exactly; a moment ago. "I just need one more minute."
  • largely Degree. To a great extent. "The plan was largely her idea."
  • least Degree. To the smallest degree. "It came when we least expected it."
  • less Degree. To a smaller degree. "Try to worry less."
  • little Degree. Not much. "He slept little that night."
  • mainly Focus. For the most part. "The crowd was mainly students."
  • marginally Degree. By a very small amount. "The new route is marginally faster."
  • merely Focus. Only, and nothing more. "It was merely a scratch."
  • mighty Degree. Very. Informal and regional. "That was a mighty fine pie."
  • mildly Degree. Slightly; gently. "He seemed mildly surprised."
  • moderately Degree. To a medium degree. "Bake in a moderately hot oven."
  • more Degree. To a greater degree. "Could you speak more slowly?"
  • most Degree. To the greatest degree. "What surprised you most?"
  • mostly Focus. Almost all; usually. "The sky was mostly clear."
  • much Degree. By a large amount. "I feel much better today."
  • nearly Degree. Almost. "The jar is nearly empty."
  • notably Focus. Especially; in a way worth noticing. "Several players, notably the goalkeeper, stood out."
  • noticeably Degree. Enough to be seen or felt. "The days are noticeably shorter."
  • only Focus. No more than; nothing but. "Only two seats are left."
  • overly Degree. Too; more than is good. "Don't be overly worried about the score."
  • partially Degree. Not completely. "The road is partially blocked."
  • particularly Focus. More than usual or than others. "The last hill is particularly steep."
  • partly Degree. To some degree, not completely. "The delay was partly my fault."
  • perfectly Degree. Completely; without fault. "The key fits perfectly."
  • positively Degree. Without doubt, for emphasis. "The garden was positively glowing."
  • practically Degree. Almost. "The theater was practically empty."
  • precisely Focus. Exactly. "The train left at precisely six."
  • predominantly Focus. Mostly. "The flag is predominantly blue."
  • pretty Degree. Fairly. Informal. "The hill is pretty steep."
  • primarily Focus. Mainly; in the first place. "The park is primarily a bird reserve."
  • principally Focus. Mainly. "The soup is principally potatoes and leeks."
  • profoundly Degree. Very deeply. "The trip profoundly changed him."
  • purely Focus. Only; entirely. "We met purely by chance."
  • quite Degree. To a fair degree; or fully, with words such as sure and right. "The film was quite long."
  • rather Degree. To some degree; more than a little. "It is rather cold for June."
  • real Degree. Very. Informal American speech. "That soup smells real good."
  • really Degree. Very; in fact. "The water is really cold."
  • reasonably Degree. To a fair or sensible degree. "The room was reasonably tidy."
  • relatively Degree. Compared with others. "The test was relatively short."
  • remarkably Degree. To a surprising degree. "The old clock is remarkably accurate."
  • roughly Degree. About; not exactly. "The trip takes roughly two hours."
  • scarcely Degree. Almost not; only just. "There was scarcely any wind."
  • significantly Degree. By an amount large enough to matter. "Sales rose significantly in May."
  • simply Focus. Just; in a plain way. "The answer is simply no."
  • slightly Degree. A little. "The picture is slightly crooked."
  • so Degree. To such a great degree. "I am so tired."
  • solely Focus. Only; not involving anything else. "The prize is based solely on votes."
  • somewhat Degree. To some degree. "The second draft is somewhat shorter."
  • sorely Degree. Very much, in a painful way. "The team sorely missed its captain."
  • specifically Focus. For one exact purpose or thing. "The ramp was built specifically for wheelchairs."
  • substantially Degree. By a large amount; mostly. "Costs fell substantially."
  • sufficiently Degree. Enough. "Let the glue dry sufficiently."
  • terribly Degree. Very; also very badly. "I am terribly sorry."
  • thoroughly Degree. Completely and with care. "Rinse the rice thoroughly."
  • too Degree. More than is wanted or needed. "The tea is too hot to drink."
  • totally Degree. Completely. "I totally forgot your birthday."
  • truly Degree. Really and sincerely. "I am truly grateful."
  • unduly Degree. More than is fair or needed. "The rule is not unduly strict."
  • unusually Degree. More than is normal. "The sea was unusually calm."
  • utterly Degree. Completely, used for emphasis. "The room was utterly silent."
  • vastly Degree. To a very great degree. "The sequel is vastly better."
  • very Degree. To a high degree. "The soup is very hot."
  • virtually Degree. Almost completely. "The two photos are virtually identical."
  • way Degree. By a great amount. Informal. "The bag is way too heavy."
  • wholly Degree. Completely. Formal. "The plan is not wholly new."

Comment and certainty 62

  • actually Comment. In fact, often correcting a belief. "The shortcut actually took longer."
  • admittedly Comment. It must be admitted that. "Admittedly, the map was upside down."
  • allegedly Comment. As claimed, but not proven. "The painting was allegedly found in a barn."
  • amazingly Comment. In a way that causes wonder. "Amazingly, the egg did not break."
  • apparently Comment. As it seems, or as I have heard. "Apparently the bridge is closed."
  • arguably Comment. As could be shown with good reasons. "It is arguably her finest book."
  • basically Comment. In the most important ways. "The two phones are basically the same."
  • certainly Comment. Without doubt. "She will certainly remember you."
  • coincidentally Comment. By chance, at the same time. "Coincidentally, we had booked the same hotel."
  • confidentially Comment. As a secret between us. "Confidentially, the surprise is a puppy."
  • definitely Comment. For sure. "I am definitely coming."
  • doubtless Comment. Almost certainly. "You have doubtless heard the news."
  • essentially Comment. At its core. "A raft is essentially a floating platform."
  • evidently Comment. As the signs show. "Evidently someone had fed the cat already."
  • fortunately Comment. By good luck. "Fortunately, the spare key was under the pot."
  • frankly Comment. To be honest and direct. "Frankly, I preferred the first draft."
  • honestly Comment. To tell the truth; in an honest way. "I honestly don't remember."
  • hopefully Comment. It is hoped that. The older sense is in a hopeful way. "Hopefully the paint will be dry by noon."
  • ideally Comment. If all went just as you would like. "Ideally, we would leave before dawn."
  • importantly Comment. Used to stress a point. "More importantly, is anyone hurt?"
  • indeed Comment. Truly; used to add force. "It was a very long day indeed."
  • inevitably Comment. As was certain to happen. "Inevitably, it rained on sports day."
  • interestingly Comment. Used to introduce a fact worth noting. "Interestingly, both twins chose the same gift."
  • ironically Comment. In a way opposite to what you would expect. "Ironically, the umbrella shop flooded."
  • likely Comment. Probably. "They will likely arrive after dark."
  • literally Comment. In the exact sense. Often used loosely for emphasis. "The town's name literally means red river."
  • luckily Comment. By good luck. "Luckily, nobody was hurt."
  • maybe Comment. Possibly. "Maybe the keys are in your coat."
  • mercifully Comment. By good fortune, sparing us something bad. "The speech was mercifully short."
  • miraculously Comment. As if by a miracle. "Miraculously, the vase survived the fall."
  • naturally Comment. As you would expect; of course. "Naturally, the cat chose the box."
  • necessarily Comment. In a way that must be so. Mostly after not. "Bigger is not necessarily better."
  • obviously Comment. In a way that is easy to see. "He was obviously tired."
  • oddly Comment. In a strange way. "Oddly, nobody noticed the missing door."
  • officially Comment. As stated by those in charge. "The pool officially opens on Saturday."
  • paradoxically Comment. In a way that seems to contradict itself. "Paradoxically, the slower route got us home sooner."
  • perhaps Comment. Maybe. A little more formal. "Perhaps we should ask for directions."
  • personally Comment. Speaking for myself. "Personally, I would take the train."
  • plainly Comment. Clearly; obviously. "The dog was plainly guilty."
  • possibly Comment. Perhaps; it may be so. "This is possibly the longest line I have stood in."
  • predictably Comment. As anyone could have guessed. "Predictably, the toddler chose the box over the toy."
  • presumably Comment. As one may suppose. "Presumably the shop opens at nine."
  • probably Comment. Very likely. "It will probably rain later."
  • regrettably Comment. It is a pity that. "Regrettably, the pool is closed today."
  • reportedly Comment. According to reports. "The band is reportedly working on a new album."
  • rightly Comment. With good reason. "She was rightly proud of the garden."
  • sadly Comment. It is sad that; in a sad way. "Sadly, the old oak had to come down."
  • seemingly Comment. As it appears, though perhaps not so. "The line was seemingly endless."
  • seriously Comment. Not joking; to a serious degree. "Seriously, where did you park?"
  • strangely Comment. In an unusual way. "The street was strangely quiet."
  • strictly Comment. In a way that allows no exceptions. "Strictly speaking, a spider is not an insect."
  • supposedly Comment. As people say, though it may not be true. "The shortcut is supposedly faster."
  • sure Comment. Certainly. Informal. "That sure was a long walk."
  • surely Comment. Used to show you expect agreement. "Surely you locked the door."
  • surprisingly Comment. In a way nobody expected. "The soup was surprisingly good."
  • technically Comment. According to the exact rules or facts. "Technically, a tomato is a fruit."
  • thankfully Comment. It is a relief that. "Thankfully, the rain held off."
  • theoretically Comment. In theory, if not in practice. "Theoretically, the trip takes an hour."
  • undeniably Comment. In a way that cannot be denied. "The view is undeniably grand."
  • understandably Comment. For reasons that are easy to understand. "She was understandably nervous."
  • undoubtedly Comment. With no doubt. "She is undoubtedly the fastest on the team."
  • unfortunately Comment. By bad luck; sadly. "Unfortunately, the last bus had gone."

Linking 35

  • accordingly Linking. In a way that fits; therefore. "Snow was forecast, so we dressed accordingly."
  • additionally Linking. Also; as an extra point. "Additionally, each guest gets a map."
  • alternatively Linking. As another choice. "We could walk. Alternatively, there is a bus at six."
  • anyhow Linking. In any case. It can also mean in a careless way. "It was late, and anyhow the shop was shut."
  • anyway Linking. In any case; used to return to a point. "It may rain, but we are going anyway."
  • besides Linking. In addition; anyway. "It is too late to go. Besides, it is raining."
  • consequently Linking. As a result. "He overslept and consequently missed the bus."
  • conversely Linking. In the opposite way. "Warm air rises. Conversely, cold air sinks."
  • ergo Linking. Therefore. Latin, often used playfully. "The jar is empty; ergo, someone ate the cookies."
  • first Linking. Before anything else. "First, wash your hands."
  • firstly Linking. As the first point. "Firstly, preheat the oven."
  • further Linking. In addition; to a greater distance. "Further, the report gives no dates."
  • furthermore Linking. In addition. "The plan is cheap. Furthermore, it is quick."
  • hence Linking. For this reason. "The handle is loose, hence the rattle."
  • however Linking. But; in spite of that. "The hill was steep. However, the view was worth it."
  • incidentally Linking. By the way. "Incidentally, your library book is due."
  • instead Linking. In place of something. "There was no rice, so we had noodles instead."
  • last Linking. After all others. "Our team batted last."
  • lastly Linking. As the final point. "Lastly, thank you all for coming."
  • likewise Linking. In the same way. "She waved, and he did likewise."
  • moreover Linking. In addition, and more importantly. "The room is small. Moreover, it has no window."
  • namely Linking. That is to say. "Two pupils, namely Ana and Tom, won prizes."
  • nevertheless Linking. In spite of that. "It was raining. Nevertheless, we set off."
  • next Linking. Immediately after this. "Next, add the eggs."
  • nonetheless Linking. Even so. "The task was dull but useful nonetheless."
  • notwithstanding Linking. In spite of this. Formal. "It rained hard; the match went ahead notwithstanding."
  • otherwise Linking. If not; in a different way. "Wear a hat; otherwise you will burn."
  • regardless Linking. Without being stopped by something. "The path was muddy, but they carried on regardless."
  • secondly Linking. As the second point. "Secondly, grease the tin."
  • similarly Linking. In a like way. "Frogs breed in ponds. Similarly, newts return to water to lay eggs."
  • thereby Linking. By that means. "He missed the bus, thereby missing the first act."
  • therefore Linking. For that reason. "The ice is thin; therefore, skating is banned."
  • thirdly Linking. As the third point. "Thirdly, weigh out the flour."
  • though Linking. However. As an adverb it ends the sentence. "The soup was cold. It tasted good, though."
  • thus Linking. In this way; as a result. "The bridge was out; thus we turned back."

How this list was compiled: Every one of the 600 words was checked by script as an adverb in Princeton WordNet 3.1 (https://wordnet.princeton.edu/, file index.adv, database files checked 2026-09-18). The Flat adverbs chip holds 131 words that index.adj also lists as an adjective with the matching meaning, where the word is an adjective first or as much as it is an adverb (a fast car, a downward slope, a later train, his tie was askew). Another 36 words in the list are in index.adj too and are left off the chip by our own rule: place words and particles that are adverbs or prepositions first (about, above, abroad, ahead, apart, away, back, behind, down, here, home, in, off, out, over, past, through, up, yonder), time and function words whose adjective is a rare or different use (ago, beforehand, sometime, still, straightaway, then, even, just, only, very, otherwise, regardless, together), and words whose adjective means something else or is rare (well, kindly, abreast, amok). The types follow the classes named at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb (manner, place, time, frequency, degree, certainty), checked 2026-09-18, plus focus and linking adverbs. Types were cross-checked on 2026-09-18 against the Wiktionary type category pages, each of the form https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_degree_adverbs (degree, frequency, time, point-in-time, duration, location, position, movement, conjunctive, sequence, sentence, modal, evaluative, speech-act and focus adverbs): 248 words agree, 14 words with more than one use sit under a different one of their uses, and 338 words are in none of those categories and were typed by hand. The Wiktionary manner category was not read. dictionary.cambridge.org refused automated requests (403) and was not used. The two senses of biweekly and bimonthly are both in WordNet 3.1 and at https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biweekly, and the difference between continually and continuously follows the usage note at https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/continually, both checked 2026-09-18. Meanings and example sentences are our own wording. Spelling is American. How, when, where and why are absent because WordNet 3.1 does not list them as adverbs. The history of flat adverbs in the page text (the Old English -e ending, the grammarians of the 1700s, sit tight, drive slow, and John Earle naming them in 1871) was checked against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_adverb, and the position of one-word frequency adverbs against https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/how-often, both checked 2026-09-18 and again 2026-09-19. The note on not follows https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb. Second dated pass, 2026-09-19: the site's two content reviewers read the list for safety and sense and read all 407 non-manner words against their type, and the words family fixer re-ran the WordNet check and added 22 words to the Flat adverbs chip. Licence: own work