144 scales

Random Scale Generator

One press names a scale to play, with its notes spelled out and its key signature.

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Tonic

All 144

B LocrianB C D E F G A. C major played from its 7th note. Signature: no sharps or flats.

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All 144 scales

The 24 keys 24

A flat major Ab Bb C Db Eb F G. Key signature: 4 flats. Relative minor: F minor.
A major A B C# D E F# G#. Key signature: 3 sharps. Relative minor: F sharp minor.
A natural minor A B C D E F G. Key signature: no sharps or flats, shared with C major.
B flat major Bb C D Eb F G A. Key signature: 2 flats. Relative minor: G minor.
B flat natural minor Bb C Db Eb F Gb Ab. Key signature: 5 flats, shared with D flat major.
B major B C# D# E F# G# A#. Key signature: 5 sharps. Relative minor: G sharp minor.
B natural minor B C# D E F# G A. Key signature: 2 sharps, shared with D major.
C major C D E F G A B. Key signature: no sharps or flats. Relative minor: A minor.
C natural minor C D Eb F G Ab Bb. Key signature: 3 flats, shared with E flat major.
C sharp natural minor C# D# E F# G# A B. Key signature: 4 sharps, shared with E major.

Show all 144 scales (134 more)

The 24 keys, continued

D flat major Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C. Key signature: 5 flats. Relative minor: B flat minor.
D major D E F# G A B C#. Key signature: 2 sharps. Relative minor: B minor.
D natural minor D E F G A Bb C. Key signature: 1 flat, shared with F major.
E flat major Eb F G Ab Bb C D. Key signature: 3 flats. Relative minor: C minor.
E flat natural minor Eb F Gb Ab Bb Cb Db. Key signature: 6 flats, shared with G flat major, listed here as F sharp major.
E major E F# G# A B C# D#. Key signature: 4 sharps. Relative minor: C sharp minor.
E natural minor E F# G A B C D. Key signature: 1 sharp, shared with G major.
F major F G A Bb C D E. Key signature: 1 flat. Relative minor: D minor.
F natural minor F G Ab Bb C Db Eb. Key signature: 4 flats, shared with A flat major.
F sharp major F# G# A# B C# D# E#. Key signature: 6 sharps. Relative minor: D sharp minor, listed here as E flat minor.
F sharp natural minor F# G# A B C# D E. Key signature: 3 sharps, shared with A major.
G major G A B C D E F#. Key signature: 1 sharp. Relative minor: E minor.
G natural minor G A Bb C D Eb F. Key signature: 2 flats, shared with B flat major.
G sharp natural minor G# A# B C# D# E F#. Key signature: 5 sharps, shared with B major.

Minor 24

A harmonic minor A B C D E F G#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to G sharp. Signature: no sharps or flats.
A melodic minor A B C D E F# G#. Rising form; it falls as A natural minor. Signature: no sharps or flats.
B flat harmonic minor Bb C Db Eb F Gb A. Natural minor with the 7th raised to A. Signature: 5 flats.
B flat melodic minor Bb C Db Eb F G A. Rising form; it falls as B flat natural minor. Signature: 5 flats.
B harmonic minor B C# D E F# G A#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to A sharp. Signature: 2 sharps.
B melodic minor B C# D E F# G# A#. Rising form; it falls as B natural minor. Signature: 2 sharps.
C harmonic minor C D Eb F G Ab B. Natural minor with the 7th raised to B. Signature: 3 flats.
C melodic minor C D Eb F G A B. Rising form; it falls as C natural minor. Signature: 3 flats.
C sharp harmonic minor C# D# E F# G# A B#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to B sharp. Signature: 4 sharps.
C sharp melodic minor C# D# E F# G# A# B#. Rising form; it falls as C sharp natural minor. Signature: 4 sharps.
D harmonic minor D E F G A Bb C#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to C sharp. Signature: 1 flat.
D melodic minor D E F G A B C#. Rising form; it falls as D natural minor. Signature: 1 flat.
E flat harmonic minor Eb F Gb Ab Bb Cb D. Natural minor with the 7th raised to D. Signature: 6 flats.
E flat melodic minor Eb F Gb Ab Bb C D. Rising form; it falls as E flat natural minor. Signature: 6 flats.
E harmonic minor E F# G A B C D#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to D sharp. Signature: 1 sharp.
E melodic minor E F# G A B C# D#. Rising form; it falls as E natural minor. Signature: 1 sharp.
F harmonic minor F G Ab Bb C Db E. Natural minor with the 7th raised to E. Signature: 4 flats.
F melodic minor F G Ab Bb C D E. Rising form; it falls as F natural minor. Signature: 4 flats.
F sharp harmonic minor F# G# A B C# D E#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to E sharp. Signature: 3 sharps.
F sharp melodic minor F# G# A B C# D# E#. Rising form; it falls as F sharp natural minor. Signature: 3 sharps.
G harmonic minor G A Bb C D Eb F#. Natural minor with the 7th raised to F sharp. Signature: 2 flats.
G melodic minor G A Bb C D E F#. Rising form; it falls as G natural minor. Signature: 2 flats.
G sharp harmonic minor G# A# B C# D# E F##. Natural minor with the 7th raised to F##. Signature: 5 sharps.
G sharp melodic minor G# A# B C# D# E# F##. Rising form; it falls as G sharp natural minor. Signature: 5 sharps.

Modes 60

A Dorian A B C D E F# G. G major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 1 sharp.
A flat Dorian Ab Bb Cb Db Eb F Gb. G flat major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 6 flats.
A flat Lydian Ab Bb C D Eb F G. E flat major played from its 4th note. Signature: 3 flats.
A flat Mixolydian Ab Bb C Db Eb F Gb. D flat major played from its 5th note. Signature: 5 flats.
A Locrian A Bb C D Eb F G. B flat major played from its 7th note. Signature: 2 flats.
A Lydian A B C# D# E F# G#. E major played from its 4th note. Signature: 4 sharps.
A Mixolydian A B C# D E F# G. D major played from its 5th note. Signature: 2 sharps.
A Phrygian A Bb C D E F G. F major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 1 flat.
A sharp Locrian A# B C# D# E F# G#. B major played from its 7th note. Signature: 5 sharps.
B Dorian B C# D E F# G# A. A major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 3 sharps.
B flat Dorian Bb C Db Eb F G Ab. A flat major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 4 flats.
B flat Lydian Bb C D E F G A. F major played from its 4th note. Signature: 1 flat.
B flat Mixolydian Bb C D Eb F G Ab. E flat major played from its 5th note. Signature: 3 flats.
B flat Phrygian Bb Cb Db Eb F Gb Ab. G flat major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 6 flats.
B Locrian B C D E F G A. C major played from its 7th note. Signature: no sharps or flats.
B Lydian B C# D# E# F# G# A#. F sharp major played from its 4th note. Signature: 6 sharps.
B Mixolydian B C# D# E F# G# A. E major played from its 5th note. Signature: 4 sharps.
B Phrygian B C D E F# G A. G major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 1 sharp.
C Dorian C D Eb F G A Bb. B flat major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 2 flats.
C Locrian C Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb. D flat major played from its 7th note. Signature: 5 flats.
C Lydian C D E F# G A B. G major played from its 4th note. Signature: 1 sharp.
C Mixolydian C D E F G A Bb. F major played from its 5th note. Signature: 1 flat.
C Phrygian C Db Eb F G Ab Bb. A flat major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 4 flats.
C sharp Dorian C# D# E F# G# A# B. B major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 5 sharps.
C sharp Locrian C# D E F# G A B. D major played from its 7th note. Signature: 2 sharps.
C sharp Mixolydian C# D# E# F# G# A# B. F sharp major played from its 5th note. Signature: 6 sharps.
C sharp Phrygian C# D E F# G# A B. A major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 3 sharps.
D Dorian D E F G A B C. C major played from its 2nd note. Signature: no sharps or flats.
D flat Lydian Db Eb F G Ab Bb C. A flat major played from its 4th note. Signature: 4 flats.
D Locrian D Eb F G Ab Bb C. E flat major played from its 7th note. Signature: 3 flats.
D Lydian D E F# G# A B C#. A major played from its 4th note. Signature: 3 sharps.
D Mixolydian D E F# G A B C. G major played from its 5th note. Signature: 1 sharp.
D Phrygian D Eb F G A Bb C. B flat major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 2 flats.
D sharp Locrian D# E F# G# A B C#. E major played from its 7th note. Signature: 4 sharps.
D sharp Phrygian D# E F# G# A# B C#. B major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 5 sharps.
E Dorian E F# G A B C# D. D major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 2 sharps.
E flat Dorian Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db. D flat major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 5 flats.
E flat Lydian Eb F G A Bb C D. B flat major played from its 4th note. Signature: 2 flats.
E flat Mixolydian Eb F G Ab Bb C Db. A flat major played from its 5th note. Signature: 4 flats.
E Locrian E F G A Bb C D. F major played from its 7th note. Signature: 1 flat.
E Lydian E F# G# A# B C# D#. B major played from its 4th note. Signature: 5 sharps.
E Mixolydian E F# G# A B C# D. A major played from its 5th note. Signature: 3 sharps.
E Phrygian E F G A B C D. C major played from its 3rd note. Signature: no sharps or flats.
F Dorian F G Ab Bb C D Eb. E flat major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 3 flats.
F Locrian F Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb. G flat major played from its 7th note. Signature: 6 flats.
F Lydian F G A B C D E. C major played from its 4th note. Signature: no sharps or flats.
F Mixolydian F G A Bb C D Eb. B flat major played from its 5th note. Signature: 2 flats.
F Phrygian F Gb Ab Bb C Db Eb. D flat major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 5 flats.
F sharp Dorian F# G# A B C# D# E. E major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 4 sharps.
F sharp Locrian F# G A B C D E. G major played from its 7th note. Signature: 1 sharp.
F sharp Mixolydian F# G# A# B C# D# E. B major played from its 5th note. Signature: 5 sharps.
F sharp Phrygian F# G A B C# D E. D major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 2 sharps.
G Dorian G A Bb C D E F. F major played from its 2nd note. Signature: 1 flat.
G flat Lydian Gb Ab Bb C Db Eb F. D flat major played from its 4th note. Signature: 5 flats.
G Locrian G Ab Bb C Db Eb F. A flat major played from its 7th note. Signature: 4 flats.
G Lydian G A B C# D E F#. D major played from its 4th note. Signature: 2 sharps.
G Mixolydian G A B C D E F. C major played from its 5th note. Signature: no sharps or flats.
G Phrygian G Ab Bb C D Eb F. E flat major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 3 flats.
G sharp Locrian G# A B C# D E F#. A major played from its 7th note. Signature: 3 sharps.
G sharp Phrygian G# A B C# D# E F#. E major played from its 3rd note. Signature: 4 sharps.

Pentatonic and blues 36

A blues A C D Eb E G. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note E flat, the flat 5th.
A flat major pentatonic Ab Bb C Eb F. A flat major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 4 flats.
A major pentatonic A B C# E F#. A major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 3 sharps.
A minor pentatonic A C D E G. A natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: no sharps or flats.
B blues B D E F F# A. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note F, the flat 5th.
B flat blues Bb Db Eb E F Ab. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note E, the sharp 4th.
B flat major pentatonic Bb C D F G. B flat major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 2 flats.
B flat minor pentatonic Bb Db Eb F Ab. B flat natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 5 flats.
B major pentatonic B C# D# F# G#. B major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 5 sharps.
B minor pentatonic B D E F# A. B natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 2 sharps.
C blues C Eb F Gb G Bb. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note G flat, the flat 5th.
C major pentatonic C D E G A. C major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: no sharps or flats.
C minor pentatonic C Eb F G Bb. C natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 3 flats.
C sharp blues C# E F# G G# B. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note G, the flat 5th.
C sharp minor pentatonic C# E F# G# B. C sharp natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 4 sharps.
D blues D F G Ab A C. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note A flat, the flat 5th.
D flat major pentatonic Db Eb F Ab Bb. D flat major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 5 flats.
D major pentatonic D E F# A B. D major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 2 sharps.
D minor pentatonic D F G A C. D natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 1 flat.
E blues E G A Bb B D. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note B flat, the flat 5th.
E flat blues Eb Gb Ab A Bb Db. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note A, the sharp 4th.
E flat major pentatonic Eb F G Bb C. E flat major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 3 flats.
E flat minor pentatonic Eb Gb Ab Bb Db. E flat natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 6 flats.
E major pentatonic E F# G# B C#. E major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 4 sharps.
E minor pentatonic E G A B D. E natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 1 sharp.
F blues F Ab Bb B C Eb. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note B, the sharp 4th.
F major pentatonic F G A C D. F major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 1 flat.
F minor pentatonic F Ab Bb C Eb. F natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 4 flats.
F sharp blues F# A B C C# E. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note C, the flat 5th.
F sharp major pentatonic F# G# A# C# D#. F sharp major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 6 sharps.
F sharp minor pentatonic F# A B C# E. F sharp natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 3 sharps.
G blues G Bb C Db D F. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note D flat, the flat 5th.
G major pentatonic G A B D E. G major without its 4th and 7th notes. Signature: 1 sharp.
G minor pentatonic G Bb C D F. G natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 2 flats.
G sharp blues G# B C# D D# F#. Minor pentatonic plus the blue note D, the flat 5th.
G sharp minor pentatonic G# B C# D# F#. G sharp natural minor without its 2nd and 6th. Signature: 5 sharps.

How this list was compiled: Notes are computed: each scale is spelled by scale degree from its interval formula (one letter name per degree), so sharps, flats and double sharps come out as a theory text writes them. Formulas and spot checks, all checked 2026-09-18: mode formulas and the C examples against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_(music); natural, harmonic and melodic minor (raised 7th; raised 6th and 7th rising, natural minor falling) against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_scale; G sharp harmonic and melodic minor with F double sharp against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-sharp_minor; major pentatonic (major scale without 4 and 7) and minor pentatonic (natural minor without 2 and 6) against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentatonic_scale; the six-note blues scale (1, flat 3, 4, flat 5, 5, flat 7, the added note spelled as flat 5 or sharp 4) against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues_scale; key signatures, relative minors and the order of sharps and flats against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_signature. Editorial rules: each of the 12 tonics uses the spelling whose key signature is smaller (D flat major, not C sharp major), and where both need six, the more common name (F sharp major, E flat minor). The blue note is written as the flat 5th unless that would be C flat, F flat or a double flat, where it is written as the sharp 4th. F♯♯ means F double sharp. Starter, Intermediate and Advanced are our own grading from the size of the key signature and how far the scale type sits from plain major and minor; they are not an exam board's grades. Ionian and Aeolian are left out because they are the major and natural minor scales under another name. Re-checked 2026-09-19: the F♯ major and E♭ natural minor cards now say under which name their relative key is listed here, and a group of the 24 keys (12 major scales and 12 natural minors) was added; D♯ minor and E♭ minor, and G♭ major and F♯ major, as enharmonic keys with six sharps or six flats, against https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-sharp_major and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-sharp_minor. Licence: own work

How it works

This random scale generator holds 144 scales: major, three kinds of minor, five modes, both pentatonics and the blues scale, each on all 12 tonics. Every card spells the notes and gives the key signature. Press Hide notes to test yourself: play first, then check.

Read the full guide

Why a card shows B# or F##

Each scale is spelled as a theory text spells it: one letter per step, none skipped, none used twice. So C sharp harmonic minor ends on B sharp, not C, and G sharp harmonic minor has F##, F double sharp, the same piano key as G. A mode card names its parent: E flat Dorian is D flat major played from its 2nd note.

Draw one of the 24 keys

For a random key generator music students can drill from, tap The 24 keys: it draws only from the 12 major scales and 12 natural minors, each with its notes and signature. Play the scale, the arpeggio, then eight bars of a tune you know moved into that key. Draws do not repeat, so every key comes round before any returns: F sharp gets the same time as C.

Say the key signature before playing. Sharps arrive in the order F C G D A E B, and flats run that line backwards.
Pick C in the Tonic menu and reroll: C major, C Dorian and C blues share a first note, so you hear what each type changes.
On guitar, one pentatonic or blues shape moves to every key. Let the draw choose the tonic, then find it on the sixth string.

Questions and answers

Why is there F sharp major but no G flat major?

They share piano keys. Each tonic appears once per scale type, under the name with the smaller signature: D flat major (5 flats), not C sharp major (7 sharps). F sharp and G flat major both need six, so the list keeps F sharp; in minor the tie goes to E flat. A card naming G flat major or D sharp minor means those same keys.

Where are the Ionian and Aeolian modes?

They are here as the major scale (Ionian) and the natural minor (Aeolian). Set all seven modes in a line, Lydian, Ionian, Mixolydian, Dorian, Aeolian, Phrygian, Locrian, and each lowers one more note than the mode before it.

How are Starter, Intermediate and Advanced decided?

They are our own grading, not an exam board's. Starter holds 20 scales: major, natural minor and pentatonic scales with up to two sharps or flats. Advanced holds 40: less familiar types such as melodic minor and Locrian from three sharps or flats up, and harmonic minor, blues, Dorian and Mixolydian from five.