This random BPM and dark melodic cinematic key generator fills the two boxes of an empty project, as in 74 BPM in D minor. Every key is a minor key or a minor mode, with its notes listed below.
Read the full guide
Press, then hold the half you like
Press New BPM and key. The tempo and the key then sit in two rows, each with a lock at its end. Lock the key and press again to try other tempos, or lock the tempo and change the key. Tap the tempo or the key in the result to choose one from the full list.
Why every key here is dark
Minor keys are often considered sadder or darker than major keys, so the key row holds the twelve minor keys, plus Dorian and Phrygian keys, which are minor scales with one note changed. For a slower start, tap the tempo and choose one under 90 BPM.
Tips
Halve or double it: 70 and 140 BPM share a pulse, which is why trap is written both ways.
Want it brighter? Each minor key's line names its relative major, which uses the same notes.
Print a sheet of twenty and sketch eight bars for each line.
Questions and answers
What makes a key sound dark?
A minor scale has its third, sixth and seventh notes a half step lower than the major scale, and minor keys are often considered sadder or darker. Phrygian lowers the second note as well. Dorian raises the sixth back up.
What do the Italian words in the tempo list mean?
They are rough speed bands from classical music: adagio is slow, andante a walking pace, moderato moderate, allegro fast and bright, vivace lively and presto very fast. The BPM ranges are approximations, and composers differ.
What is the ms figure beside each tempo?
The length of one beat in milliseconds: 60,000 divided by the BPM, rounded. At 120 BPM a beat lasts 500 ms, and at 60 BPM a full second.
What is a relative major?
The major key that shares a minor key's key signature and every one of its notes. The minor key starts on the sixth note of that major scale, so A minor's relative major is C major.
Why is there no hip-hop, pop or rock in the tempo list?
A style is named only where its Wikipedia article states a usual tempo range, and those articles give none. Trap does: 50 to 88 BPM, or 100 to 176 counted in double time.
140 BPMAllegro. Beat 429 ms. Grime and most dubstep sit here; so does typical trap, counted double.
144 BPMAllegro. Beat 417 ms. Styles: techno, trance, hard trance.
145 BPMAllegro. Beat 414 ms. Styles: techno, trance, hard trance.
148 BPMAllegro. Beat 405 ms. Styles: techno, trance, hard trance.
150 BPMAllegro. Beat 400 ms. Hardstyle is now made around here. Styles: techno, trance, hard trance.
152 BPMAllegro. Beat 395 ms. Styles: hard trance.
155 BPMAllegro. Beat 387 ms. Styles: hard trance.
156 BPMAllegro or vivace. Beat 385 ms. Styles: hard trance.
160 BPMVivace. Beat 375 ms. Footwork is often around here. Styles: hard trance, hardcore.
164 BPMVivace. Beat 366 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore. Also the brisk show tempo of stage revues.
165 BPMVivace. Beat 364 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass.
168 BPMVivace or presto. Beat 357 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass.
170 BPMVivace or presto. Beat 353 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass.
172 BPMVivace or presto. Beat 349 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass (its hallmark is the mid-170s).
174 BPMVivace or presto. Beat 345 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass (its hallmark is the mid-170s).
175 BPMVivace or presto. Beat 343 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass (its hallmark is the mid-170s).
176 BPMVivace or presto. Beat 341 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass (its hallmark is the mid-170s).
180 BPMPresto. Beat 333 ms. Styles: hard trance, hardcore, drum and bass.
How this list was compiled: Sixty tempos from 60 to 180 BPM. Each line holds three things, all read from English Wikipedia on 2026-09-30 or computed. 1) The Italian tempo words whose rough range holds the tempo, from the list of common tempo markings in 'Tempo' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo): largo 40 to 66, adagio 44 to 66, andante 56 to 108, moderato 108 to 120, allegro 120 to 156, vivace 156 to 176, presto 168 to 200. That article calls its figures very rough approximations for 4/4 time that vary widely by composer and work; only these seven of its words are used. 2) The length of one beat in milliseconds, 60,000 divided by the BPM and rounded to a whole number. 3) The styles whose article states a usual tempo range that holds the tempo: trap 50 to 88 BPM, also written in double time as 100 to 176, typically around 70 (140); synthwave 80 to 118; moombahton 100 to 110; tropical house 100 to 120; house 115 to 130; deep house 120 to 125; techno 120 to 150; minimal techno 125 to 130; electro house 125 to 135; trance 125 to 150; Jersey club 130 to 140; dubstep 132 to 142 with most releases at 140; hard trance 140 to 180; hardcore 160 to 200 or more; drum and bass 165 to 185 with the mid-170s as its hallmark. Single figures: downtempo usually around 90, UK garage usually around 130, grime at 140, hardstyle now around 150, footwork often around 160, a march at about 120 and the show tempo of stage revues at 160 to 170 (the last two from 'Tempo'). The articles are Trap music, Synthwave, Moombahton, Tropical house, House music, Deep house, Techno, Minimal techno, Electro house, Trance music, Jersey club, Dubstep, Hard trance, Hardcore (electronic dance music genre), Drum and bass, Downtempo, UK garage, Grime music, Hardstyle and Footwork (genre). A script checks that each figure's wording is in the fetched article text. A style whose article gives no tempo figure is left out, which is why hip-hop, pop, rock, reggae and disco are not named. No song, artist or product is named. Wording is our own. Licence: own work
Key: all 24 keys
Minor keys 12
A minorA B C D E F G. No sharps or flats. Relative major: C major.
B minorB C♯ D E F♯ G A. Two sharps. Relative major: D major.
B♭ minorB♭ C D♭ E♭ F G♭ A♭. Five flats. Relative major: D♭ major.
C minorC D E♭ F G A♭ B♭. Three flats. Relative major: E♭ major.
C♯ minorC♯ D♯ E F♯ G♯ A B. Four sharps. Relative major: E major.
D minorD E F G A B♭ C. One flat. Relative major: F major.
Show all 24 keys (18 more)
Minor keys, continued
E minorE F♯ G A B C D. One sharp. Relative major: G major.
E♭ minorE♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭. Six flats. Relative major: G♭ major. Also written D♯ minor.
F minorF G A♭ B♭ C D♭ E♭. Four flats. Relative major: A♭ major.
F♯ minorF♯ G♯ A B C♯ D E. Three sharps. Relative major: A major.
G minorG A B♭ C D E♭ F. Two flats. Relative major: B♭ major.
G♯ minorG♯ A♯ B C♯ D♯ E F♯. Five sharps. Relative major: B major.
Dorian and Phrygian keys 12
A DorianA B C D E F♯ G. The notes of G major. A minor scale with the sixth raised.
A PhrygianA B♭ C D E F G. The notes of F major. A minor scale with the second lowered.
B DorianB C♯ D E F♯ G♯ A. The notes of A major. A minor scale with the sixth raised.
B PhrygianB C D E F♯ G A. The notes of G major. A minor scale with the second lowered.
C DorianC D E♭ F G A B♭. The notes of B♭ major. A minor scale with the sixth raised.
D DorianD E F G A B C. The notes of C major. A minor scale with the sixth raised.
D PhrygianD E♭ F G A B♭ C. The notes of B♭ major. A minor scale with the second lowered.
E DorianE F♯ G A B C♯ D. The notes of D major. A minor scale with the sixth raised.
E PhrygianE F G A B C D. The notes of C major. A minor scale with the second lowered.
F♯ PhrygianF♯ G A B C♯ D E. The notes of D major. A minor scale with the second lowered.
G DorianG A B♭ C D E F. The notes of F major. A minor scale with the sixth raised.
G PhrygianG A♭ B♭ C D E♭ F. The notes of E♭ major. A minor scale with the second lowered.
How this list was compiled: A closed set of 24 keys, computed by script and not typed: the 12 minor keys and 12 keys in the two minor modes (Dorian on D, E, A, G, C and B; Phrygian on E, A, D, B, F♯ and G). No major key is in the row, because the page deals dark keys; each minor key's line names its relative major. Each line spells the seven notes by letter, so every letter is used once, then gives the key signature and the relative key, or for a modal key the major key whose notes it uses. The script asserts on every key: around the circle of fifths the fifth note of each major scale is the next key and adds one sharp, or takes away one flat; the sharps come in the order F, C, G, D, A, E, B and the flats in the opposite order; the relative minor starts on the sixth note of the major scale, three half steps below its tonic, and has the same notes; a Dorian or Phrygian scale starts on the second or third note of its major key and differs from the minor scale on the same tonic in exactly one note. Checked on 2026-09-30 against English Wikipedia: every one of the 12 minor keys and the 12 major keys they are relative to matches its row of the table in 'Relative key' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_key), signature and partner both, and the rules above are as stated in 'Key signature' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_signature), 'Circle of fifths', 'Dorian mode' (the natural minor scale with a major sixth) and 'Phrygian mode' (the natural minor scale with the second degree lowered by a semitone). 'Key (music)' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(music)) says that minor keys are often considered sadder or darker than major keys and that the minor scale has its third, sixth and seventh notes a semitone lower than the major scale. E♭ minor is also written D♯ minor; the list shows one spelling. Wording is our own. Licence: own work